THE SOUTHEEN SHEIMPS AND PEAWNS. 821 



remainder over to the mess, and there are many witnesses to testify to the superior character of 

 the deep-water Prawns as an article of food. 



The lobstermen of Biddeford Pool, Maine, who self their pots in the winter from four to six 

 miles from shore, occasionally capture these Prawns, and here may be a suggestion as to the 

 style of apparatus which might be tried advantageously for their capture. The openings would, 

 of course, need to be of much smaller size than those of an ordinary lobster-pot. A light beam 

 trawl of large size might, however, answer still better. 



THB^bALIPORNIA PRAWN — P AND ALUS DANJE, StimpSOn. 



According to W. N. Lockington, this is a moderately large species of Prawn, which is now 

 commonly brought to the San Francisco market, and is caught in the open ocean between the 

 FarallOne Islands and Point Eeyes. The length of the body in the adults, including the rostrum, 

 is about five inches, while the average length of the carapax, excluding the rostrum, is about one 

 , and a quarter inches. Fresh specimens are finely marked with transverse zigzag lines of white, 

 separated by bands of red. 



Fandalus Dance has been recorded from the Queen Charlotte Islands and Puget Sound, north 

 of which it is not known ; its southern limit is possibly Point Conception, California, the most 

 pronounced point of division between the northern and southern marine faunae of California, 

 though this fact has not been positively determined. This Prawn has been much more abundant 

 in the San Francisco markets during the past two years than formerly, and the reason assigned is 

 that the fishermen, driven out of San Francisco Bay by the constantly diminishing supply of fish 

 there, have been forced to resort to the open sea between the Farallone Islands and Point Eeyes, 

 where the Prawns live in large numbers. It has been noticed with spawn in ITovember, Decem- 

 ber, and January. A second si^ecies of Prawn is occasionally brought to the San Francisco 

 market, along with P. Drnice, being obtained in the same places. It js of smaller size than P. 

 Dance and of a uniform light pink color when fresh ; it also differs from the latter in the size and 

 shape of the rostrum, appendages, etc., and in the number of the rostral spines. 



In 1879, several examples of a large species of Prawn, apparently identical with Pencms 

 brasiliensis, of Brazil and the Southern United States, were brought to the Sa,n Francisco 

 •markets; in 1880 none were observed. This species is also recorded from the west coast of 

 Mcaragua, Adult specimens examined at San Francisco measured seven inches in total length, 

 including the rostrum. Compared with specimens from the Eio Grande, Brazil, no points of 

 difference as regards form or proportion of parts were detected. 



The Southern Shrimps and Prawns — ^Pen^us setiferus, M.-Edwards; PEN-asus brasil- 

 iensis, LatreiUe. 



These are the large Shrimps or Prawns which occur in such immense numbers on the coasts 

 of the Southern States, and are taken to supply the markets at Charleston, South Carolina; 

 Savannah, Georgia; New Orleans, Louisiana; New Tork, and elsewhere. The two species are 

 often found associated together, but Penwus setiferus is the more abundant, and is, therefore, more 

 commonly seen in the markets. According to Prof. Lewis E. Gibbes, these species may be dis- 

 tinguished apart by the following characters : 



" The common Shrimp (P. setiferus) has a groove on each side of the large spine that springs 

 from the fore and upper part of the shell or carapax ; these run backward and terminate about 

 the middle of the length of the shell. In the same tray in the market will frequently be found 

 other individuals, far less numerous, in which these grooves run the whole length of the shell, 

 terminating just in front of the hinder edge or border of the shell, at the first joint. This form I 

 have referred to the P. brasiliensis of Latreille. 



