432 THE BEGINNER IN POULTRY 



Coverts : half-long feathers, covering others and filling out the 

 form in various sections ; as, " tail coverts." 



Cultures : fluids in which germs have been artificially de- 

 veloped, for study, or other specific purposes. 



Disqualified : judged unworthy to compete for prizes, because 

 of undue defects. 



Ear lobes : somewhat circular areas of bare skin, red, white, 

 etc., below the ears proper. 



Egg duct: the soft tube in which the egg is conveyed from 

 the ovary, toward the point of exclusion. 



Exclusion : expulsion from the egg duct. 



Eace : the bare skin about the eyes of a fowl. 



Eaking : preparing a bird for exhibition with an effort to de- 

 ceive the judges as to its real quaUty. . (Example, arti- 

 ficial coloring of feathers.) The dividing line between 

 " grooming " and faking should come at the point where 

 improvements in appearance deceive as to the breeding 

 quality of the specimen. 



Fancy, The : the people interested in breeding and exhibiting 

 fancy fowls. 



Flights : the outer, long quill feathers of the wing, used in flying. 



Fluff : short, soft feathers, appearing like down, on the 

 posterior parts of any fowl's body. 



Gapes: an affection of the windpipe caused by threadlike 

 worms, which choke the birds, especially the young. 



Gosling: the young of the goose family. 



Hackle : the half-long feathers depending from the head and 

 about the neck, above the "cape," which is formed by 

 the first feathers of the back. 



Hen : a female bird one year or more old. 



Knock-kneed : having crooked legs, approaching each other at 

 the joint at upper end of shank. 



Laced : having the feathers edged with a contrasting color. 



Mandibles : the upper and lower parts of the beak. 



