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In the following pages the writer has drawn freely on his own experiences and 

 on the writings and experiences of the recognized masters of this subject: especially 

 has he made use of the excellent research work of Dr. E. F. Phillips and Mr. 

 George Demuth of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and of the writings of 

 A. I. and E. R. Root, of Chas. and C. P. Dadant, of Mr. F. C. Pellett and of 

 Dr. C. C. Miller. The writer appreciates the assistance received from Dr. 

 Phillips and Dr. B. N. Gates, both of whom were kind enough to read and criticize 

 most of the manuscript during its preparation. 



