The most prolific beds are composed of a fine conglomerate that, on disintegration, has 

 freed the enclosed fossils. Associated beds of coarse sand, of a rich brown colour, also yielded 

 some interesting remains. Very few fossils were found in the coarser conglomerates, and, as 

 might be expected, none at all in the beds of loose pebbles. 



The generally fragmentary and dissociated nature of the remains at this locality 

 detracts mueh from their value as definite horizon markers. Many of the specimens clearly 

 show that they had been broken and often worn prior to being deposited in the beds where 

 they were found. Some excellently preserved jaws with continuous series of teeth were 

 obtained, and many separate and well preserved teeth, but bon es of the feet were in all 

 cases dissociated. 



Although the beds of the Cypress Hills deposits in question probably belong, in a general 

 sense, to the horizon of the Titanotherium beds of Montana, some of their upper members 

 may be synchronous with the Oreodon beds. Whether the time equivalent of the uppermost 

 division of the Oligocene (Protoceras beds) is present at all is problematical. The fossils in 

 the finer eonglomeritic beds show in some cases evidence of having been transported from a 

 distance,' and on this account it is possible that a certain admixture of remains from slightly 

 diflferent horizons has taken place. 



The Cypress Hills Oligocene faunal list has been considerably enlarged in the following 

 pages by the addition of a number of new species, and species previously known but not 

 recorded, hitherto, from this horizon in Canada. The majority of the additions to the fauna 

 have been supplied by the collection of 1904, but a few forms are represented by specimens 

 from the earlier collections, that apparently were not placed in Professor Cope's hands. 



The species described as new, with those not recorded, hitherto, from this locality, belong 

 to the three classes of fishes, reptiles, and mammals. N'ew species of fishes of the families 

 Amiidaa and Lepidosteidse are described. Among the reptiles are two chelonians, of which 

 one spedies is new ; also lizards, snakes, and crocodiles representing the orders Squamata and 

 Crocodilia, both of which are additional to the fauna. The mammals preponderate in numbers 

 and variety and include a marsupial, ungulates, rodents, and carnivores. The artiodactyl 

 genera Ancodus, Anthracotherium ?, Agriochoerus, and Merycoidodon are now recorded from 

 the Cypress hills, as well as new species of horses, hyracodonts, rhinoceroses, and titanotheres. 

 A new species of Leptomeryx is described. Further evidence of the presence of Chalicotherium, 

 an ancylopod, is given. The rodents include four families of which three, the Ischyromyidse, 

 Castoridse, and ? Sciuridse, are new to the list. Two known species of the creodont 

 carnivores, three already described species of the Canidse, and one of the Felidse are also added. 



The animals inhabiting this western tract of country during Oligocene times are thus 

 seen to have belonged to a variety of groups. That the number of individuals in some of the 

 groups was large is evident from the abundance of the fossil remains of some forms. Some 

 of the groups have since become extinct, others have undergone great changes and are with 

 difl^culty recognized in their descendants of the present day ; whilst a few are represented by 

 existing species that show but slight differences in form and structure. 



