BIRDS OP NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMEBICA. 9 



e. Toes 2; 2 carotid arteries; syrinx wanting; palatines very long; maxillo- 

 palatines articulating with vomer, the latter touching neither palatines 

 nor pterygoids; with symphysis pubis;' muscle formula ABXY; neck 



naked; primaries 16 Struthioniformes.'' 



ce. Toes 3; only 1 carotid artery (the left); syrinx present;' palatines short; 

 maxillo-palatines not articulated with vomer, the latter articulating 

 with palatines; without symphysis pubis; muscle formula BXY; neck 



feathered; primaries 12 Bheiformes.'' 



d(h Ambiens muscle absent; wings rudimentary; aftershaft enormously devel- 

 oped, equal in length to the feather; rectrices absent.... Caauariiformes.^ 

 re. Hallux present; tibial bridge present; head of quadrate bone double; deep 

 plantar tendons of Type II; bill much longer than head, with nostrils ter- 

 minal; wings wholly concealed Apterygiformes.^ 



^ Unique in Class Ave;^. 



' Slruthiocameli Haeckel, Gen. Morph., 1866, — . — Struihioideie Stejneger, Sci. Rec, 

 ii, :May 15, 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist.,iv, 1885, 33.— Struthiones 'Nev.'to:^, Enc. Brit., 

 xviii, 1884, 44; Fuerbrikger, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Gadow, 

 Bronn's Thier-Eeichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 103, 299; Olassif. Vertebr., 1898, 31.— Struthi- 

 crnithes Fuerbkingee, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565. — Struihioniformes 

 FuEKBRiNGER, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. 

 Birds, 1891, 67. 



' Unique in Order RatitK. 



* ik/tfir Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44; Fuerbrixger, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., 

 ii, 1888, 1565; Gadow Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 103, 299.— liheoidea; Stejne- 

 ger, Sci; Rec, ii. May 15, 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 37 .—Rheifonues 

 FuERBRiNGEE, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. 

 Birds, 1891, 67. — Rheornithes Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog.,ii, 1888, 1565. 



^ Casuarii Sclater, Ibis, 1880, 411; Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 

 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. Birds, 1891, 67; Gadow, Bronn's Thier- 

 Reiohs, Yog. ii, 1893, 299. — Casuaroideas Stejneger, Sci. Rec, ii. May 15, 1884, 155; 

 Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 39. — Megistanes Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44. — Hip- 

 palectryornithes Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565. — Casuariiformes 

 Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1565; Sharpe, Rev. Rec At. Classif. 

 Birds, 1891, 67. 



^[Proceres'] Subnobiles Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., 1872, 153. — Apieryges 

 Sclater, Ibis, 1880, 410; Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44; Stejneger, Sci. Rec, ii, 

 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, 1885, 48; Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 

 1888, 1567; Cope, Am. Nat., xxiii, 1889, 870; Sharpe, Rev. Rec. At. Classif. Birds, 

 1891, 67; Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 104, 299.— Apterygiformes 

 Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1567 (incl. Dinornithes!). 



The extinct Ratite Suborders Dinornithes and ^piornithes (or Orders Uinornithi- 

 formes and iEpiornithiformes) agree in some characters with the Apterygiformes, in 

 others with the Casuariiformes. Their structure is so imperfectly known, however, 

 that I have omitted these groups from the above "key." Their synonymy is as 

 follows: 



Dinornithes.— /mmanes Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, 44 (includes Palaptery- 

 gidte). —Dinornithoideie Stejneger, Sci. Rec, ii, May 15, 1884, 155; Stand. Nat. Hist., 

 iv, 1885, i3.— Dinornithes Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 105, 299.— 

 Dinornithidie Beddaed, Struct, and Classif. Birds, 1898, 523. 



jEpioenithes.— ^j)2/o)-m'«/ies Newton, Enc. Brit., xviii, 1884, iA.—Mpioniithes Stej- 

 neger, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 4:7.—Aepyornithes Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. 

 Syst. Yog., ii, 1888, 1565; Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Reichs, Yog., ii, 1893, 106, 299.— Aepy- 

 ornithiformes Fueebeinger, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 15&5.—^Epyornithidie 

 Beddard, Struct, and Classif. Birds, 1898, 522. 



