BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 11 



). Feet not raptorial, but fitted for wading or swimming; tip of 

 maxilla not uncinate or else (Ciconiiformes, part) the hallux 

 connected with inner toe by a full web. 

 j. Basipterygoid processes absent; coraco-humeral groove distinct 

 (deep); one pair of tracheo-sternal muscles; cseca rudimen- 

 tary; wading birds with very long legs and toes not fully 

 webbed, or if with toes fully webbed the bill bent abruptly 

 downward from the middle (Suborder Phcenicopteri); or 

 swimming birds with the hallux connected with inner toe by 



a full web (Suborder Steganopodes) Ciconiiformes. 



jj. Basipterygoid processes present; coraco-humeral groove indis- 

 tinct; two pairs of tracheo-sternal muscles; cteca well devel- 

 oped, functional; swimming birds, with short Wgs, the ante- 

 rior toes fully webbed, or else (Suborder Palamedes) wading 

 birds with the bill short and decurved and the feet enor- 

 mously developed Anseriformes. 



n. Feet raptorial, the toes never fully webbed; tip of maxilla 



uncinate , Falcouiiformes. 



hh. Palate schizognathous, dromaeognathous, or incompletely desmog- 

 nathous. 

 i. Palate dromjeoguathous; head of quadrate bone single; distal ends 

 of ilium and ischium separated; accessory femoro-caudal mus- 

 cle witji a slip arising above the sciatic foramen.^ 



Crypturiformes. 



n. Palate schizognathous or incompletely desmognathous; head of 



quadrate bone double; distal ends of ilium and ischium 



united; accessory femoro-caudal muscle without slip above 



sciatic foramen. 



j. Basal end of coracoids.united and crossed; spina interna sterni 



present; intestinal convolutions of Type V, plagiocrelous;'' 



bill short, the maxilla more or less decurved, vaulted, not 



compressed Galliformes. 



jj. Basal end of coracoids separated; spina interna sterni absent; 



intestinal convolutions of Type I, peri-opisthocoelus;^ bill 



more or less elongated or else the maxilla compressed, not 



decurved or vaulted. 



k. Dorsal vertebrje heterocoelous; metasternum 2-notched or 



entire Grniformes. 



kk. Dorsal vertebras opisthoccelous; metasternum 4-notched. 



Cliaradriiformes. 



gg. Toes zygodactylous Cuculiformes. 



ff. Ambiens muscle absent; deep plantar tendons of Type I, V, Va, V&, 

 yi, VII, or VIII— never of Type II, III, or IV; if of Type I the feet 

 desmopelmous (Striges,^ Desmodactyli*), or the palate fegithognath- 

 ous (Desmodactyli,* Cypseli*). 



' In all these characters agreeing with the Katitse and Odontornithes, and differing 

 from all other Carinatse. 



^Gadow, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, pp. 303-316, and in Newton's Dictionary 

 of Birds, 1893, pp. 140-148;. Beddaed, Structure and Classification of Birds, 1898, 

 pp. 23-30. 



'SuVjorder of Ooraciiformes. 



■"Superfamily of Passeriformes. 



^Superfamily of Ooraciiformes (Suborder Macrochires). 



