12 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



f/. Deep plantar tendons of Type I, V, Va, 'Vh, VI, VII, or VIII, or else 

 palate desmognathous, or schizognathous in combination with rap- 

 torial feet (Striges^) or with only 6 secondaries and extensile tongue 

 (Trochili'''), or aegithognathous in combination with fissirostral gape 

 and 10 greatly elongated primaries (Cypseli^); feet synpelmous, 

 desmopelmous, heteropelmous, or antiopelmous, or if schizopel- 



mous' (Upupidae*) the palate desmognathous Coraoiiformes. 



ffg. Deep plantar tendons of Type VII; or if of Type I the palate 

 segithognathous(Desmodactyli); palate segithognathous; feetschi- 

 zopelmous, or else (Desmodactyli) the palate segithognathous. 



FasseriformeB. 



Order PASSEKIFORMES. 



FASSEIinrE BIRDS. 



X 7Vr.vs(Tf'.s Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 85,162 (includes Columbse and 

 Caprimulgidse; excludes Certhia, Sitta, Oriolus, Corvus, etc.) ; ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 119, 279. — Stbjnbgkr, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 458. — Fuehbhingbr, Unters. 

 Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1405. 



Fasseriiue Nitzsch, Obs. Av. art. carot. com., 1829, — ; Syst. Pterylog., 1840, 

 — .— Oaeus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 258. 



"^Fasaeridx Fuerbringer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1405 (excludes 

 Pseudoscines). 



= Passeriformes Gadow, Bronn's Thier-Keichs, V6g.,ii, 1893, 270, 301; Classif. 

 Vertebr. 1898, xv, 37. 



= Coracomorphx Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. , 1867, 469. 



.^githognathous,' anomalogonatous birds with short (nonfunc- 

 tional) colic ceeca and nude oil-gland; first toe (hallux) directed back- 

 ward, the second, third, and fourth toes directed forward; first toe 

 with its flexor muscle {flexor hallucis longus) independent of the flexor 

 23erforans digitorum; hinder plantar tendon free from the front plantar; 

 ambiens and femoro-caudal muscles absent; tensor patagii hrevis spe- 

 cialized (except in Superfamily Pseudoscines); spinal pteryla uninter- 

 rupted between the crown and upper back (except in Superfamily 

 Desmodactyli °) ; young highly ' ' altricial " (nidicolous) and gymnopsedic. 



Additional characters are as follows: Only the left carotid artery 

 present; atlas perfoi'ated by odontoid process; spina externa sterni 

 large, spina interna sterni absent; basipterygoid processes absent; 



' Suborder of Coraciif ormes. 



■^Superfamily of Coraciif ormes (suborder Macrochires). 



•'Stejneqer, Stand. Nat. Hist. IV, 1885, pp. 368-371, where the various modifications 

 of the deep flexor or plantar tendons, as worked out by Garrod (see footnote on 

 p. 10, antea) are fully explained. 



■•Family of Coraoiiformes. 



^The Clamatorial (Mesomyodian) family Furnariidai is said to be schizognathous, 

 while other Passeres exhibit a modified segithognathism; therefore this character 

 can not be considered strictly diagnostic, especially since two "Picarian" (Coracii- 

 form) groups (Indicatoridfe and IMicropodidse) are said to be completely segithog- 

 nathous, while two others, of Gallo-Gralline affinities, are incompletely so. (See 

 Newton, Dictionary of Birds, p. 878. ) 



* A Coraciif orm family, Upupidse, also possesses these two characters. 



