BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDIiE AMERICA. 19 



6. Outermost obvious primary (ninth) much more than half as long as the next, 

 usually longer than the secondaries, frequently longest or equal to the longest; 

 the primaries apparently only nine.' {" Nine-primaried Osdnes.") 

 c. Tip of maxilla not abruptly uncinate, or else the bill short and broad at 

 base, or with maxillary tomium toothed subterminally (Tanagridse, part) 

 or mandible falcate and angle of chin posterior to nostrils (Coerebidse, part). 

 d. Longest primaries much less than twice as long as secondaries. 

 e. Width of bill at rictus much less than length of culmen. 

 /. Tertials not distinctly, if at all, elongated, or else (Fringillidse, part) 

 the bill conical. 

 g. Bill usually more or less stout and conical, not distinctly compressed 

 (or else the maxilla with tip uncinate and tomium toothed); if 

 slender, the maxillary tomium notched subterminally, or else tip 

 I if bill acute and rictal bristles obsolete. 

 h. Bill conspicuously flattened laterally, with culmen and gonys very 

 broad and flattened and mandibular rami very thick; plumage 

 of forehead and crown dense, erect, plush-like. 



CatamblyrliynoliidBe (extralimital) .^ 

 hh. Bill not flattened laterally, etc. ; plumage of forehead and crown 

 normal. 

 i. Rictal bristles obvious, usually very distinct; maxillary tomium 

 usually more or less distinctly notched, or else the bill stout or 

 wedge-shaped and nostrils hidden by antrorse plumules. 

 j. Commissure distinctly and more or less abruptly angulated or 

 deflexed basally, or else mandibular rami less than one-fifth 

 as long as gonys and width of mandible at base equal to length 

 of gonys; mandibular tomium distinctly elevated, usually 

 more or less angulated, sometimes toothed, postmedially. 



Fringillidae. 

 jj. Commissure not distinctly angulated or deflexed basally; man- 

 dibular tomium not distinctly elevated, never angulated nor 

 toothed, postmedially (or if elevated the maxillary tomium 



not abruptly deflexed basally) Tanagridae. 



ii. Rictal bristles obsolete; maxillary tomium without subterminal 

 notch ; if the bill stout or wedge-shaped the nostrils not hidden 



by antrorse plumules loteridae. 



gg. Bill slender, or if relatively deep, compressed and with culmen regu- 

 larly or distinctly curved; if approaching a conoidal shape the 

 basal depth not more than half the distance from nostril to tip of 

 maxilla and the commissure not angulated or deflexed basally. 

 h. Tip of maxilla abruptly and conspicuously uncinate; mandible fal- 

 cate, broad, and stout at base, with rami very short and angle of 



chin far posterior to nostrils Coerebidae, part.^ 



hli. Tip of maxilla not abruptly and conspicuously, if at all, uncinate; 

 mandible not falcate nor otherwise peculiar; angle of chin ante- 

 rior to nostrils. 



^The tenth always present, however, but rudimentary and quite concealed. (See 

 footnote on page 21. ) 



^Represented only by the monotypic genus Catamblyrhynchas Lafresnaye (Rev. 

 Zool., 1842, 301; type, C. diadema Lafresnaye); range, northern Andes, Colombia 

 to Peru. (Usually placed in the Fringillidfe. ) 



'' Diglossime, comprising the genera Diglossa and Diglossopis. 



