32 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



h. Bill stouter (depth at base more than half length of culmen, some- 

 times equal to length of culmen) Geospiza (p. 489) 



hh. Bill more slender (depth at base less than half length of cul- 

 men) Cocornis (p. 515) 



ff. Tail more than twice as long as tarsus; outstretched feet falling short 



of end of tail. 



g. Commissure equal to or exceeding length of middle toe without 



claw; tip of maxilla distinctly uncinate.' (Pitylese.) 



h. Culmen, from base, decidedly shorter than tarsus; under parts with 



neither yellow nor red; if gray, the upper parts olive-green, and 



bill black Saltator (p. 659) 



hh. Culmen, from base, not decidedly if at all shorter (sometimes 



longer) than tarsus; under parts with yellow or red, or if gray 



the upper parts slate color and bill red. 



i. Angle of mandibular tomium not distinctly, if at all, toothed; bill 



more compressed, with lateral outlines less convex; upper parts 



uniform slate color; bill red Pitylus (p. 651) 



1). Angle of mandibular tomium distinctly toothed or otherwise 

 prominently produced; bill broader, with lateral outlines more 

 convex; upper parts at least partly red or olive-green, the 

 pileum sometimes black. 

 j. Culmen, from base, equal to or longer than tarsus; mandibular 

 tomium concave (the mandible narrowed) or excised imme- 

 diately anterior to the middle portion, behind this a broad 

 truncated prominence; upper (and under) parts (except 



head) red Periporpliyrus (extralimital) ^ 



jj. Culmen, from base, shorter than tarsus; mandibular tomium 

 convex, or at least not concave immediately anterior to mid- 

 dle portion, the toothed subbasal angle immediately preceded 

 by a notch; upper parts olive-green, olive-green and gray, 

 or black with red band across hindneck. 

 k. Tail .not longer than distance from bend of wing to end of 

 secondaries; bill broader (basal width of mandible greater 

 than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla) ; sexes alike 

 in coloration, adult males and females without any red, 

 and with pileum olive-green or yellow. 



Caryothraustes (p. 654) 

 kk. Tail decidedly longer than distance from bend of wing to 

 end of secondaries; bill narrower (basal width of mandi- 

 ble less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla) ; sexes 

 different in color (adult male with head, chest, and upper 

 parts black, the under parts and broad collar across hind- 

 neck pinkish red; adult female and young male with 

 olive-green replacing red) Bhodothranpia (p. 657) 



' That is to say, forming a distinct, though short, decurved point, with an obvious 

 tomial notch immediately behind it. There is sometimes an approximation to this 

 condition among the forms under gg, but in such cases the bill is smaller and 

 more slender, the culmen much less curved, and the tip of the maxilla less decidedly 

 decurved. 



' Periporphyrus Reicheubach, Av. Syat. Nat., 1850, pi. 77. Type, Loxia erythromelas 

 Gmelin. This genus is introduced because it is the only extralimital one of the 

 group, and also to show the reasons, in part, for subdividing the genus Pitylus as 

 recognized by authors. 



