BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



83 



Adult female.— Ijength (skins), 116.8i-131.06 (123.95); wing, 69.60- 

 74.68 (T1.12); tail, 53.34-58.17 (56.13); exposed culmen, 6.86-8.64 

 (7.87); depth of bill at' base, 5.84^6.60 (6.10); tarsus, 13.46-15.24 

 (14.48); middle toe, 7.11-8.38 (7.62).' 



Circumpolar continental districts, especially in Arctic America and 

 northeastern Asia. Breeding from Ungava (Fort Chimo) to western 

 Alaska (St. Michael, etc.). South in winter to more northern United 

 States; Maine (Westbrook); Massachusetts (Swampscott, Eevere Beach, 

 Nantasket Beach); Ontario (Hamilton Beach); Michigan, northern 

 Illinois (Chicago, Mt. Carroll), etc., and in eastern Asia to Commander 

 Islands and northern Japan. 



Fringilla linaria var. /3. Nilsson Faun. Svec, i, 1817, 150. 



Linaria rufescens (not of Vieillot), male, Boux, Orn. Prov., 1825, pi. 99. 



Fringilla borealis (not lAnaria borealis Vieillot) Audubon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 87, 

 pi. 400. 



Linota borealis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 34, part. 



Linaria borealis (not of "Vieillot) Audubon, Synopsis, 1839,114; Birds Am., oct. 

 ed., iii, 1841, 120, pi. 178. 



JEgiothm borealis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 386 (north China) ; Ibis, 

 1874, 160 (Hakodate, Japan); 1878, 245 (Yezo, Japan). 



(?) Acanthis linaria {not Fringilla linaria Linnseus) Bonaparte and Schlegel, 

 Mon. des Loxiens, 1850, pi. 52. 



Fringilla linaria (not of Linnaeus), male, Schlegel, Yog. Nederl., 1854, pi. 171. 



Linota linaria Blakiston and Phyer, Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan, viii, 1880, 233 

 (Yezo, Japan); x, 1882,174 (Yezo, Japan). 



Fringilla (Acanthus) linaria var. canescens (not Linaria canescens Gould) Schbbnck, 

 Eeise Amurl., i, 1860, 296. 



Fringilla canescens Sommebfeldt, Ofv. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1861, 81 (East Fin- 

 mark). 



Cannabina canescens Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, 335 (n. China). 



J£giothus canescens Ross, Edinb. Philos. Journ.,1861, 163 (62° n. lat., Hudson Bay 

 region). — Vebrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 157 (Maine; rare winter 

 visit.). — Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, 299 (n. China, winter). — 

 Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 71 (Carlton House, Brit. America, Nov. to Mar.). — 

 Baird, Brewer, and Eidgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 498, part. — David 

 and Oustalet, Ois. Chine, 1877, 336 (n. China, winter). 



' Eighteen specimens. 



There is apparently little geographic variation in measurements, as the following 



averages will show: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Twelve specimens from Fort CWmo, Ungava 



Twelve specimens from Alaska 



Seven specimens from northeastern Asia — 



FEMALES. 



Eight specimens from Ungava 



Five specimens from Alaska 



Five specimens from northeastern Asia 



Wing. 



74.93 

 7B.44 

 75.18 



72.39 

 71.63 

 72.14 



Tail. 



Ex- 

 posed 

 culmen. 



67.40 

 58.42 

 55.63 



55.63 

 56.90 

 56.64 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



7.87 

 7.62 

 7.87 



8.13 

 7.62 

 7.62 



6.35 

 6.10 

 6.60 



6.35 

 6.10 

 6.10 



14.73 

 14.48 

 14.48 



14.48 

 14.48 



14.48 



Middle 

 toe. 



7.62 

 7.62 

 7.87 



7.62 

 7.87 

 7.62 



