BIRDS OF WOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 97 



d. Throat dusky or mottled with dusky. (Palrearctic Region; introduced into 



Oregon, etc.) Spinus spinus, adult male' 



dd. Throat without any dusky; under parts mostly light gray or olive-green. 

 (Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas.) 



Spinus atrioeps, adult male and female (p. 100) 

 cc. Pileum not uniform black or dusky. 

 d. Pileum darker than back, especially the forehead; under parts plain light 



gray, only the under tail-coverts streaked Spinus atriceps, young 



dd. Pileum not darker than back; under parts whitish, more or less distinctly 

 streaked with dusky or grayish. 

 e. Rump with ground color yellow or yellowish; back, etc., yellowish olive 



or olive-greenish Spinus spinus, female and young 



ee. Rump with ground color grayish or whitish ; back, etc. , grayish or brown- 

 ish olive.^ 

 /. Smaller (wing not more than 76.20, usually much less, averaging 72.39) ; 

 under parts usually heavily or conspicuously streaked with dusky. 

 (North America, except Mexico.) 



Spinus pinus pinus, male, female, and young (p. 97) 

 ff. Larger (wing usually more than 76.20, averaging 76.45) ; under parts 

 usually (?) indistinctly or obsoletely streaked with grayish or dusky. 

 (High mountains of Mexico, in coniferous belt.) 



Spinus pinus macropterus (p. 100) 

 bb. Under parts without streaks, except sometimes on longer under tail-coverts.' 

 c. Head black all around, including foreneck. 

 d. Sides of neck, hindneck, back, and rump black. (Costa Rica to Venezuela 



and Ecuador. ) Spinus xanthogaster, adult male ( p. 1 05 ) 



dd. Sides of neck yellow; hindneck and back olive-green; rump olive-green or 

 yellow. 

 e. Snialler and brighter colored, the breast, etc. , deep lemon to nearly saffron 

 yellow; wing averaging 64.01, tail 39.12, exposed culmen 11,43, tarsus 

 12.95. (Eastern Mexico to Honduras.) 



Spinus notatus notatus, adult male and female (p. 102) 

 ee. Larger and duller in color, the breast, etc., dull gamboge or olive-yellow; 

 wing averaging 66.55, tail 40.39, exposed culmen 11.94, tarsus 13.46. 

 (Mountains of western Mexico.) 



Spinus notatus forreri, adult male and female (p. 103) 



cc. Head without any black | ^"^^""^ '""^^t^^ "0*^'°= ]. voung 



( Spinus notatus forreri J 



aa. Plumage partly red. (Cuba; Porto Rico; Trinidad; Venezuela.) 



Spinus oucullatus (p. 104) 



SPINUS PINUS PINUS (Wilson). 



PINE SISKIN. 



Adult. — Above grayish or brownish, conspicuously streaked with 

 dusky, the ground color of the rump paler (whitish or light grayish), 

 sometimes tinged with pale yellow; wings and tail duskj', or dull 



' Although introduced, with other European birds, into Oregon, there is no record 

 to the effect that this species has become naturalized. [Fringillct] sjjiims Linnseus, 

 Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 181 (based on Fauna Suecica, 203, etc.); ed. 12, i, 1766, 

 822. — Spinus spinus Stejnbqer, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. ix, Feb. 14, 1887, 651. 



^ I have not been able to discover a single positive character whereby the adult 

 female and young may be infallibly distinguished from S. pinus, but, as a rule, the 

 above-mentioned characters are diagnostic. 



^ In young birds chieiiy. 

 ' 17024—01 7 



