BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 109 



hh. Smaller with under wing-coverts mostly white or yellow and 

 with less black on flanks (usually none); wing averaging 57.15; 

 tail, 35.31; exposed culmen, 8.89; depth of bill at base, 7.11; 

 tarsus, 12.19. (Yucatan.) 



Astragalinus psaltria jouyi, adult male (p. 120) 

 dd. Pileum olive-greenish, like back, etc^ ; inner webs of exterior rectrices with 

 a white spot in middle portion. 



Astragalinus psaltria and subspeciew, adult females and young.' 

 CK. Inner webs of exterior rectrices M'ithout any white, or with only an indica- 

 tion of it. 

 d. Upper parts glossy black.. Astragalinus psaltria columbianus, adult male 



(p. 120) 

 dd. Upper parts olive-green.. Astragalinus psaltria columbianus, adult female 

 and young. 

 aa. Outer surface of greater wing-coverts and remiges partly yellow. (California 

 and northern Lower California; Arizona in winter.) 



Astragalinus lawrencii (p. 121) 



ASTRAGALINUS TRISTIS TRISTIS (Linnseus). 

 AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. 



Back yellow, brownish, or grayish; inner webs of rectrices dusky, 

 becoming white or whitish termi nally ; under tail-coverts white ; r emi ges 

 without any yellow, and without white at base of primaries. 



Adatlt male in sttmmer. — General color pure lemon or canary yellow, 

 the lores, forehead, and crown, together with wings (except small cov- 

 erts) and tail, black; tail-coverts, middle (sometimes also lesser) wing- 

 coverts, tips of greater coverts,>and part of edges of remiges, white; 

 bill orange or orange-yellow tipped with black; iris brown; legs and 

 feet light brownish. 



Adfiiit female in summer. — Above olive-brownish or grayish, some- 

 times tinged with olive-greenish, the wings and tail blackish or dusky, 

 marked with white or whitish, much as in the male; upper tail-coverts 

 pale grayish or grayish white; under parts dull grayish white, more 

 or less tinged with yellow, especially anteriorly and laterallj", some- 

 times entirely soiled yellow, except under tail-coverts; bill horn 

 colored. 



Adult male in winte)\ — Similar to the adult female, but wings and 

 tail deeper black, with whitish markings more conspicuous. 



Adult female in winter. — Similar to the summer female, but more 

 tinged with brownish, the lighter wing-and tail-markings broader and 

 more or less tinged with buffy brownish. 



Young. — Somewhat like winter adults, but much browner, ati the 

 wing-markings pale cinnamon, the plumage generally being suffused 

 with this color. 



Adult male.— Length (skins), 108.46-121.92 (115.57); wing, 70.61- 

 75.18 (72.64); tail, 43.43-61.31 (46.99); exposed culmen, 9.66-10.41 



' Owing to insufBciency of material I am unable to give differential characters for 

 females and young of the several forms. 



