110 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(10.16); depth of bill at base, 7.11-7.62 (7.37); tarsus, 12.70-11.73 

 (13.72); middle toe, 10.16-11.13 (10.67.)^ 



Adult female.— \j^xigi\ (skins), 108.71-121.16 (113.28); wing, 65.79- 

 70.87 (68.58); tail, 39.62-46.71 (13.43); exposed culmen, 9.40-10.41 

 (9.91); depth of bill at base, 7.11-7.37 (7.37); tarsus, 12.95-14.73 

 (13.97); middle toe, 10.16-11.18 (10.67).' 



United States and more southern British Provinces east of Rocky 

 Mountains, north to Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, southern Labrador, 

 etc.; breeding southward to limits of Upper Austral life-zone; winter- 

 ing southward to Gulf coast. 



[Fringilla'] Irisds LiNN^as, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 181 (based on Carduelis 

 americana Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 43, pi. 43); ed. 12, i, 1766, 320.— 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 907.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 452.— Gray, 

 Hand-list, ii, 1870, 82, no. 7192. 



Fringillatristw\VihSOii, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 20, pi. 1, fig. 2. — Bonaparte, Am. Orn., i, 

 57, pi. 8, fig. 4; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 111.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 

 172; V, 1839, 510, pi. 33.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 507. 



F.lringilld] tristis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 371. — Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila.,iv, 1825, 56. 



Carduelis (ristis Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 116; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, 129, 

 pi. 181. 



Spinus tristis Boie, Isis, 1828, 974. — Stejneger, Auk, i, Oct., 1884, 362. — Burner, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 240 (oH Cape Mugford, Labrador; Fort 

 Chimo, Ungava?).— (?) Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 322, part (Red R. Valley, 

 Manitoba, breeding) . — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 529, part. — Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 (Tarpon Springs, s. w. Florida, Dec. 

 30 to Feb. 20; Punta Eassa, s. w. Florida, Jan. ) . — Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss.Val., 

 1888, 182, part (n. Illinois in winter; localities in Wisconsin and Missouri; 

 Minnesota?; Gainesville, Texas?). — Jackson, Trans. Canad. Inst., i, 1890, 2 

 (Toronto, Ontario, Jan. 19).— (?) Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 

 586 (Manitoba, summer resid.). — Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 11 (Prince Edward 

 I., breeding). — Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 54, pi. 15, fig. 5. 



S. [pimis'] tristis Ridgway', Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 398, part. 



Chrysomiiris tristis Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838, 33. — Baird, Rep. 

 Pacific E. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 421, part (Carlisle, Pennsylvania, St. Louis, and 

 Independence, Missouri; Leavenworth and Fort Eiley, Kansas?); Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 313, part; Ibis, 1867, 289 (Bermudas, Mar.).— Sclater, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 123 (e. U. S.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 1865, 92, part.— Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 271 (e. Florida, 

 winter) .—CouES, Check List, 1873, no. 149, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 116, 



^ Eighteen specimens. ' Thirteen specimens. 



Average measurements of a nearly equal series from east and west of the AUeghe- 

 nies are as follows: 



