BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 145 



I.).— EiDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 238; Man. N. Am. Birds, 



1887, 593.— Bkitish Ornithologists' Union, List Brit. Birds, 1883, 51.— 

 Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1884, 63.— Meeeiam, Auk, i, 1884, 295 (near 

 Point de Monts, prov. Qviebec, 3Iay 27); North Am. Fauna, no. 5, 1891, 

 102 (Pocatello, Idaho) .—Baetlett, Mon. Ploceid. and Fringillirl., pt. ii, 



1888, pi. 3.— Shaepe, Oat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 1888, 307, part (excl. syn. 

 Passer milieus, etc.) .— Oooke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 184 (localities, 

 etc.); Birds Oolorado, 1897, 99 (resident); Bull. Ool. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 

 1898, 165 (e. base of foothills for 200 miles) .— Hageeup, Auk, vi, 1889, 297 

 (s. Greenland; introduced) .-Coues (W. P.), Auk, vii, 1890, 212 (Cape 

 Breton, Nova Scotia) .—^NIoetimee, Auk, vii, 1890, 342 (Orange Co., Florida, 

 1 spec. March, 1887) .— Caulfield, Canad. Rec. Sci., 1890, 149 (Montreal, 

 resident) .—Nehhling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 66.— Prentiss', Auk, 

 xiii, 1896, 239 (Bermudas) .-Pearson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 99 (Archer, Florida, 

 1 spec. July, 1896). 



P-lasser'] domesticus Geay, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 372.— Cabanis, ilus. Hein., i, 

 1851, 155.— CouBS, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 344.— Eidgivay, Man. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1887, 401. 



[Passer} domesticus Bonapaete, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 509. 



[Passer] domesticus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 85, no. 7257.— Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 146.— Coey, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13 (Cuba; "Antilles"). 



Pyrgita domestica Gvvi-e:r, Eegne Anim., i, 1817, 385.— Beehm, Yog. Deutschl., 

 1831, 264.— Gould, Birds Europe, iii, 1837, pi. 184.— Bonapaete, Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 31.— Baied, Brewer, and Eidgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 525, pi. 23, fig. 12. 



Pyrgifa pagoruvi Ti-REHii, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 265. 



PyrgitarusticaBB.BHM, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 266. 



PASSER MONTANUS (Linnaeus). 

 ETTROPEAN TREE SPARROW. 



Adults {sexes alihe). — Pileum and hindneck uniform vinaceous-brown 

 or light chocolate; lesser wing-coverts chocolate-brown; rest of upper 

 parts light grayish brown, the back streaked with black; middle and 

 greater wing-coverts tipped with white, forming two narrow bands; 

 lores, orbits, anterior part of malar region, chin, and median portion 

 of throat black; rest of under parts dull white, becoming olive-bnffy 

 or buffy grayish on sides and flanks, the chest also more or less shaded 

 with pale buffy grayish; cheeks and sides of neck white, inclosing a 

 black spot on auricular region; bill mostly dusky; legs and feet light 

 brownish; length (skins), 134. 11-138. i3 (136.40); wing, 68. 58-70. 8T 

 '(69.34); tail, 60.80-52.58 (51.66); exposed culmen, 10.92; tarsus, 17.2T- 

 17.78 (17.53); middle toe, 12.70-12.95 (12.82). ^ 



Young. — Similar to adults, but color of pileum, etc., lighter, more 

 brown, and black markings of throat, etc., replaced hj less sharply 

 defined areas of dusky grayish. 



Europe in general, and eastward through Asia to China and Japan; 



1 Three specimens. 

 17024^01 10 



