150 BULLETIlSr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Iceland, 1863, 409.— Hakting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 25.— Sbebohji, Hist. 

 Brit. Birds, ii, 1883, 125; Birds Jap. Emp., 1890, 140. 



Pr(s.Sf rma n»((?/.s ViEiLLOT, Faune Fran?., 1820, 86. — Roux, Orn. Prov., 1825, pi. 

 103. — EiDGw.iY, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 324.— American Ornithologists' Union 

 Committee, Auls, xvi, 1899, 116. 



Embei-hii (Plectrophanes) nivalis Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 

 1831, 246. 



Plectrophanes niralis Meyer, Zus. u. Bericht. Myeru. Wolf, -Taschenb. , 1822, 57. — 

 Gould, Birds Europe, iii, 1837, pi. 170. — Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 

 1837, 460. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 37. — Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 99; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 1841, .55, pi. 156. — Keyserling and Blasius, 

 Wirb. Eur., 1840, 154.— Schlbgel, Bev. Grit., 1844, p. Ixxii.— Gray, List 

 Brit. Birds, 1863, 104.— Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 83 (Bermudas, in winter),— 

 HuHDis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 8 (Bermudas, Nov. toFeb. ). — Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 432; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 325.— 

 ScHRENCK, Reis. Amurl., 1859, 275. — Willis, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst, for 

 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).— Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 7 (Greenland).— 

 Radde, Reis. Sibir., Vog., 1863, 156. — Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., i, 1867, 

 332.— TuRNBULL, Birds e. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 22 (Dec. to Mar.).— Dall 

 and Banni.ster, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 282, part (Sitta, St. Mi- 

 chaels, Unalaklik, etc., Alaska). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 177 (no California 

 record).— Fritsch, Yog. Eur., 1870, pi. 25, figs. 17, 18.— Salvadori, Faun. 

 Ital., Ucc, 1871, 145.— Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 152; 2d ed., 1882, no. 

 219; Birds N. W., 1874, 118.— Fixsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., iii, 1872, 54, 

 part (Yukon; Sitka); 1874, 106 (s. w. Greenland; crit); Zweite Deutsche 

 Nordpolfahrt, ii, 1874, 191 (e. Greenland, crit.); Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 273 

 (Chilcat Inlet, Chilcoot, and Portage Bay, Alaska). — Dresser, Birds Europe, 

 iv, 1873, 261, pi. 225.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 6 (e. Kansas in winter).— 

 RiDGWAY, Bull. Essex Inst. , v, 1873, 182 ( Colorado in winter) ; Nom. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 186. — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 

 1874, 512, pi. 24, fig. 2.— Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 99; ed. 

 Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, ii, 1876, 1.— David and Oustalet, Ois. Chine, 1877, 

 320. — Langdon, Birds Cine, 1877, 8 (rare winter visit.); revised ed. 1879, 

 9 (occasional). — Bendire, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1877, 117 (Camp 

 Harney, e. Oregon, winter). — Feilden, Ibis, 1877, 404 (Shift-rudder Bay, 

 Smith Sound, lat. 81° 52', Aug. 28; lat. 82° 35', Sept. 14; near lat. 83°, 

 Jlay 27).— Adam.s, Ibis, 1878, 426 (St. Michaels, Alaska).— Kumli en. Bull. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 76 (Cumberland Sound, etc.; habits, etc.).— 

 Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 149, part (Port Clarence, Point Belcher, 

 and Icy Cape, Alaska).— Nelson, Cruise "Corwin" 1881 (1883), 68 (breed- 

 ing on St. Lawrence I., Wrangel I. , Plover Bay, etc.; habits). — (?) Blakis- 

 TON and Pryer, Birds Japan, 1882, 172. — British Ornithologists' Union, 

 List. Brit. Birds, 1883, 60. — Blakiston, Amend. List Birds Japan, 1884, 

 22. — Murdoch, Rep. Point Barrow Exp., 1885, 105 (Point Barrow, Alaska, 

 Apr. 9 to Sept. 20).— (?) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1888, 459 

 (Corea, Feb.). — Clarke, Zoologist, 1890, 10 (Jan Mayen Land; habits; see 

 Fischer and Pelzeln, Arzt. osterreich Exp. Jan Mayen, 1866, — ). 



P.[lectrophanes'] niralis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 379. — Cabanis, Mus. Hein.,i, 

 1851, 127 (Lapland).— Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 372 (Illinois in 

 winter, rarely s. of 39°).— Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 105 (n. e. 

 Illinois, Nov. 1 to middle Mar. ).— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 356, 

 part. 



[P/ectmjjhanen^ nicd/i.v Bonaparte, Consp. Av.,i, 1850, 462. — Coues, Kev N. Am. 

 Birds, 1872, 133. 



