BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 151 



FringUla nivalis Haymond, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 292 (Franklin Ct>., 

 Indiana, Oct. to May). 



Pleclrophenax nivalis Stejneger, Proc. U. IS. Nat. Mus., v, June 5, 1882, 33. — 

 Turner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 240 (Fort Chimo, Ungava, breed- 

 ing); Contr. Nat Hist. Alaska, 1886, 172, part (St. Michaels, etc.; habits). — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 534. — Nelson, Eep. 

 Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 180, part (Yukon district. Point Barrow, etc.; 

 habits).— Salvadori, Elench. Ucc. Ital., 1887, 160.— Cooke, Bird iligr. Miss. 

 Val., 1888, 184 (n. Missouri, e. Kansas, n. Illinois, etc.; rarely south of 39°); 

 Birds Colorado, 1897, 100 (Boulder, Denver, Ft. Collins, and Loveland; 

 La Plata Co., 1 spec. Mar. 1); Bull. Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 165 (Colo- 

 rado Springs, 2 specs, winter 1877-78). — Sharpb, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 

 1888, 573, excl. syn. part. — Evermann, Auk, vi, 1889, 24 (Carroll Co., Indiana, 

 rare visit, Jan., Feb.). — Hagerup, Auk, vi, 1889, 295 (Ivigtut, Greenland, 

 ;\Iar. 30 to Oct. 25; habits).— Thompson, Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 587 

 (Manitoba, fall, winter, and spring; habits). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 428 

 (rare winter visit. ) . — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 151 (McCormick 

 Bay and Uppernavik, Greenland; notes on plumage); 1895, 504 (Tuctoo 

 Valley, w. Greenland, breeding), 565 (Disco I., July 16). — Nehkling, Our 

 Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 74.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, 1896, 

 9 (changes of plumage). — Dawson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 178 (Okanogan Co., e. 

 Washington, winter). — Butler, Birds Indiana, 1897, 927 (rarely s. to Knox, 

 Decatur, and Franklin counties). — Clarke, Ibis, 1898, 255 (Franz Josef Land, 

 breeding; habits). — Merrill, Auk, xv, 1898, 15 (Ft. Sherman, Idaho, 

 winter). 



P. [lecirophenax] nivalis Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 402. 



Clcilcariusl nivalis Jordan, Man. Vertebr. E. N. Am., 4th ed., 1884, 88. 



Calcarius nivalis Giglioli, Avif. Ital., 1886, 56. 



Emberiza notaia MtJLLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 157 (based on Buffon). 



[Emberiza} mustelina Gjielin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 867 (Europe, North America, 

 etc.; based on Tawny Bunting, Brit. Zool., i, no. 121; Latham, Synop. Birds, 

 ii, pt. i, 164, etc.) . 



Plectrophanes mmteVums Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 306. 



[Emberiza'] montana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 867 (England; based on Mountain 

 Bunting, Brit. Zool., i, no. 123; Latham, Synop. Birds, ii, pt. i, 165, etc.). — 

 Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 398. 



ffortulanus monianus Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 16. 



Plectrophanes montanus Hrebm, Yogelf., 1855, 119. 



lEmberiza} lotharingica Guslis, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 882, part (Europe; based on 

 Ortolan de Lorraine Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., iv, 323, etc. ).— Lathaji, Index 

 Orn., i, 1790, 404. 



[Emberiza} ghicialis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 398 (England, etc.;=E. mustelina 

 Gmelin, and E. niralis Linnseus, Fauna Suecica, no. 227B) . 



Emberiza glacialis Yaerell, Hist. Brit. Birds, i, 1843, 425. 



Hortulanus glacialis Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 15. 



Plectrophanes hiemalis Brehm, Yog. Deutschl., 1831, 304. 



Plectrophanes borealis Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 305. 



Emberiza borealis Degland, Orn. Eur., i, 1849, 273. 



(?) Plectrophanes airolarvatus Haetlaub, Naummania, 1852, 56 (Argali R., n. w. 

 North America; ex Paul von Wurtemberg, MS.). 



