BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 155 



more slender and pointed bill, like that of C. nmaticn. The latter 

 differs from the two preceding in having the tail much shorter than the 

 distance from the carpal joint of the wing to the end of the tertials, in 

 which respect it agrees with Rhynchoj>liane)i incanoiili, but this differ- 

 ence is apparently owing to greater development of the secondaries 

 rather than to a really reduced length of the tail; the outermost (ninth) 

 primary is also relatively shorter. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP CALCARIUS. 



a. Four outermost rectrices dusky at base, at least on inner web. 

 h. Abdomen white; less than half the inner web of outermost rectrix white, 

 c. Back heavily streaked with black or dusky, the dusky centers to feathers 

 wider than the lighter grayish brown edgings. 

 d. Paler, with outer webs of greater wing-coverts and tertials grayish brown 

 or but slightly rufescent. (Northern Europe and northeastern North 



America. ) Calcarius lapponious lapponious (p. 155 ) 



dd. Darker, with outer webs of greater wing-coverts and tertials bright rusty 



brown or chestnut. (Commander Islands, Kamtschatka, and other 



parts of northeastern Asia. ) . .Calcarius lapponious ooloratus^ (extralimital) 



cc. Back more narrowly streaked with black or dusky, the dusky centers to 



feathers not wider than the pale huffy brown or grayish buffy edgings. 



(Northwestern North America, including Pribilof and Aleutian Islands.) 



Caloarius lapponious alasoensis (p. 158) 

 hb. Abdomen buffy or ochraceous, like rest of under parts; more than half of inner 

 web of outermost rectrix white. (Great Plains of United States and Brit- 

 ish America. ) Calcarius piotus (p. 160) 



aa. Four outermost rectrices extensively white at base, on both webs. (Great Plains 

 of United States and Mexico. ) Calcarius ornatus (p. 162) 



CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS LAPPONICUS (Linnaeus). 

 LAPLAND LONGSPUK. 



Inner web of outermost rectrix chiefly dusky; under wing-coverts 

 and axillars grayish white, distinctly grayish beneath surface; breast 

 and abdomen white in adults. 



Adult male in summer. — Head and chest deep black, relieved by a 

 broad white or buffy stripe behind eye, continued downward (verti- 

 cally) behind ear-coverts and then backward along sides of chest; sides 

 broadly streaked or striped with black; rest of under parts white; hind- 

 neck deep chestnut -rufous; lesser wing-coverts grayish, feathers black 

 in center. 



Adult male In winter. — Black of head confined to crown, posterior 

 and lower border of ear-coverts, lower part of throat, and patch on 



^Calcarius lapponicus coloratus Ridgway, Auk, xv, Oct., 1898, 320 (Copper Island, 

 Commander group, Kamchatka; U. S. Nat. llus. ). 



This form is introduced on account of the possibility of its occurrence, as a straggler, 

 in the westernmost Aleutian Islands, aa well as for comparison with the other sub- 

 species. 



