156 



BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



chest, and more or less obscured b}" whitish or pale brownish tips to 

 feathers; sides of head (including lores and greater part of ear-coverts), 

 mostly dull light brownish; rufous on hindneck also similar Ij' obscured. 



Adult female in summer. — Much like winter male, but markings 

 more sharply defined, black areas of chest, etc. , more restricted and 

 still more broken, hindneck streaked with blackish, and size smaller. 



Adult female in winter. — Similar to summer plumage, but browner 

 and less sharply streaked above, hindneck often without trace of 

 rufous, lower parts dull brownish white, and duskv markings of chest, 

 etc., very indistinct. 



Yi'uiKj. — Above dull builj^ everj-where (except on wings and tail) 

 broadh' streaked with black; beneath pale buffy, the lower throat, 

 chest, and sides of breast broadly streaked with blackish. 



Adult male.— hangth. (skins), 14±.27-172.72 (159.26); wing, 90.17- 

 100.58 (96.01); tail, 59.69-66.55 (62.99); exposed culmen, 10.41-12.19 

 (11.43); depth of bill at base, 6.10-7.11 (6.86); tarsus, 20.57-22.61 

 (21.84); middle toe, 13.21-14.99 (13.97).' 



Adult female.— L&ngth. (skins), 135.89-157.48 (146.03); wing, 87.63- 

 92.:i0 (90.17); tail, 58.42-64.77 (60.96); exposed culmen, 10.41-11.43 

 (10.67); depth of bill at base, 6.10-7.37 (6.60); tarsus, 20.57-22.85 

 (21.08); middle toe, 12.96-13.97 (13.46).' 



Breeding in arctic and subarctic districts of Europe, northeastern 

 North America, including Greenland, and for an undetei"mined distance 

 westward), Melville peninsula, shores of Cumberland Sound, Ungava, 

 etc. , and at least the more western portions of Siberia; in North America 

 migrating south in winter (more or less irregularly) to Virginia, South 

 Carolina, Kentucky, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory, and even to 



^ Sixteen specimens. 



- J^ine specimens. 



European specimens are apparently the same in coloration as those from northeast- 

 ern North America, but the series of the former which I have been able to examine 

 is very small, consisting of only two adult males and three adult females. The aver- 

 age measurements reveal some differences, which, however, appear to be the result 

 of too great inequality in number of the specimens of the two aeries, the length of 

 wing, tail, and culmen being decidedly greater in the European males, but smaller in 

 the European females. The averages are as follows: 



MALES. 



Two adult males from northern Europe 



Fourteen adult males from northeastern North 

 America (including Greenland) 



FEMALES. 



Three adult females from nnrthern Europe 



Six adultfemales from northeastern North America 

 (including Greenland) 



Middle 

 toe. 



13.46 

 13.97 



13.46 

 13.46 



