172 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



rectrices grayish dusky edged with pale buffy grayish (edging nearly 

 white on outermost primaries and rectrices); malar region yellow 

 anteriorily, white posteriorly; chin (and usually upper throat) white; 

 breast (sometimes more or less of abdomen also) yellow, this fading 

 into white on lower abdomen, under tail-coverts, etc. ; the sides and 

 flanks pale brownish gray ; a black patch, of exceedingly variable shape 

 and extent, on lower throat, sometimes continued posteriorly along 

 the median line of breast to upper part of abdomen or anteriorly to 

 (but not including) the chin; ' maxilla blackish with paler (bluish gray) 

 tomia; mandible grayish blue in life, with blackish streak on terminal 

 portion of gonji-s; iris brown; legs and feet horn -brownish; length 

 (skins), liO.9T-160.27 (118.08); wing, 78.99-85.85 (82.65); tail, 55.12- 

 61.47 (58.17); exposed culmen, 11.73-15.49 (14.99); depth of bill at 

 base, 10.41-11.43 (10.67); tarsus, 22.86-24.13 (23.37); middle toe, 

 16.76-18.03 (17.53).' 



Adult female. — Much like the adult male, but coloration much 

 duller; upper parts more brown, with the pileum and rump usually 

 more or less streaked with duskj^; lesser wing-coverts dusky centrally, 

 broadly margined with light grayish brown, the middle coverts similar, 

 but margined terminally with paler (more grayish buflfy) ; superciliary 

 and malar stripes with less of yellow, sometimes with none; under parts 

 with yellow of breast more restricted; whole throat white, margined 

 laterally by a more or less distinct submalar streak of dusky; no black 

 spot on lower throat, or else this much smaller than in male; flanks 

 more or less streaked with dusky; length (skins), 139.70-145.80 

 (143.26); wing, 74.68-77.47 (75.69); tail, 50.04r-55.12 (52.07); exposed 

 culmen, 12.70-14.22 (13.46); depth of bill at. base, 9.91-10.67 (10.41); 

 tarsus, 21.8^^22.86 (22.35); middle toe, 16.26-17.27 (16.76).' 



Yovng in first winter. — Similar to adult female, but everywhere 

 tinged with dull buffy or pale clay color. 



United States east of Rocky Mountains, and southward in winter 

 through New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico (both coasts), and Central Amer- 

 ica to Colombia and Trinidad; occasional during migration in Jamaica 

 and on Swan Island (Caribbean Sea); breeding from South Carolina (for- 

 merly), Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas north to North Dakota, Minne- 

 sota, Wisconsin, Michigan (south of lat. 43^), southern Ontario, etc., 

 formerly to eastern Massachusetts (Medford, Hingham, Hyde Park, 

 etc.). Now chiefly restricted during the breeding season to the region 

 between the Allegheny Mountains and eastern base of the Rocky 

 Mountains, having for unknown reasons, become practicallj- extinct 



' Sometimes there are two or more black spots succeeding one another; often a 

 larger, shield-shaped spot on lower throat and a smaller one, of more irregular shape, 

 on center of breast. 



^Ten specimens. 



^ Eight specimens. 



