BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 275 



/. Back, etc., bright rusty or cinnamon-rufous; pileum and hindneck 



clear gray (not darker than slate-gray); flanks not conspicuously 



olivaceous. 



g. Darker (pileum and hindneck slate-gray) ; rump grayish olive Or hair 



brown; outermost rectrix extensively dusky on basal portion of 



inner welj, the second with less than terminal half of inner web 



white. (High mountains of central and southern Mexico.) 



Juuco phaeonotus phseonotus, adult male and female (p. 299) 

 gg. Paler (pileum and hindneck ash gray); rump nearly pure gray; 

 outermost rectrix wholly white, the second mostly so. (High 

 mountains of northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona. ) 



Junco phseonotus palliatus, adult male and female (p. 301) 

 ff. Back, etc., russet brown or olive-brown; pileum and hindneck brown- 

 ish gray; flanks conspic'uously olivaceous or wood brown. 

 g. Smaller (wing averaging 69.60, exposed culmen 12.70); colors paler 

 and brighter (back, etc., russet-brown, pileum and hindneck 

 smoke gray). (Highlands of Chiapas, southern Mexico.) 



Junco fulvescens, adult male and female (p. 302) 

 gg. Larger (wing averaging 74.6?, exposed culmen 13.21); colors darker 

 and duller (back, etc., olive-brown, pileum and ihindneck dull 

 slate color or dark mouse gray). (Highlands of Guatemala.) 



Junco alticola, adult male and female (p. 303) 

 bh. Back bj'oadly streaked with black; lateral rectrices without any white; tarsus 

 more than 25.40 mm. (Summit of Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica. ) 



Junco vulcani, adult male and female (p. 304) 

 aa. Head, neck, and chest streaked. ( Young. ) 



h. Maxilla not conspicuously darker than mandible. 

 I . Back concolor with pileum. 

 d. Paler and browner above; chest paler, with streaks or spots more distinct. 



Junco hyenialis hyemalis, yuung. 

 dd. Darker and more slaty above; chest darker, more uniform. 



Junco hyemalis carolinensia, young. 

 cc. Back more rufescent, or browner, than pileum. 



e. Ground color of pileum and hindneck brownish, of throat and chest more 

 or less buffy. 

 /. Bill pale browiiish or dull pinkish. 

 g. Darker. 



h. Back more reddish brown Junco oreganus oreganns, young. 



hJi. Back more grayish brown Juuco oreganus shufeldti, young. 



gg. Paler. 



Ji. Bill shorter; colors darker, the chest more heavily streaked or 



spotted Junco oreganus thurberi, young. 



hh. Bill longer; colors paler, the chest more buffy and more narrowly 



streaked Junco oreganus pinosus, young. 



ff. Bill dusky brown .Junco insularis, young. 



ee. Ground color of pileum and hindneck more grayish, of throat and cheat 



paler grayish Junco canicepa, young. 



hh. Maxilla black or dusky, conspicuously darker than mandilile. 



c. Greater wing-coverts and tertials brownish gray Junco dorsalis, young. 



cc. Greater wing-coverts and tertials reddish brown or rusty. 

 d. Sides and flanks pale buffy grayish. 



e. Darker Junco phseonotus phseonotus, young. 



ee. Paler Junco phseonotus palliatus, young. 



dd. Sides and flanks light brown or strongly buffy. 



