BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 277 



219, part. — American Ornithologists' Union Committee, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 568, part; Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 129 (no. 568.1). — Ridgway, Auk, xiv, 

 Jan., 1897, 94 (crit.).— Cooke, Birds Colorado, 1897, 105 (Boulder, Colorado, 

 1 spec. Nov. 25, 1892). 



Junco hiemalU annectens Coues, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 264, part. 



J. [uncol h. \_kmalis] annectens Coi'Es, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, .379, part. 



Junco ridgwayi Meaens, Auk, vii, July, 1890, 243 (Whipple Barracks, Arizona; 

 coll. E. A. Mearns). — Anthony, Auk, ix, 1892, 365 (near Apache, s. w. New 

 Mexico, JMar. 16; Granite Gap, 10 m. west of Apache) . — Mc(teegor, Auk, x, 

 1893, 205 (Boulder, Colorado, Nov. 25). — American Ornitholoijists' LTnion, 

 Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 568.1.— Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 

 1896, 603. 



JUNCO AIKENI Ridgway. 



WHITE -WINGED JUNCO. 



Admit male. — Head, neck, che.st, sides, flanks, and upper parts plain 

 slate-gray, darker (slate color) on the head; middle and greater wing- 

 coverts usually tipped with white, forming two distinct bands; three 

 outermost tail-feathers whollj' white, the third sometimes with a little 

 dusky, the fourth with more or less of white; length (skins), 156.97- 

 169.93 (163.83); wing, 81.53-92.96 (88.65); tail, 75.18-78.74 (76.4.5); 

 exposed culmen, 11.68-12.95 (12.19); depth of bill at base, 7.62-8.38 

 (8.13); tarsus, 20.83-21.84 (21.34); middle toe, 13.72-14.99 (14.48).' 



Adult femahi. — Similar to adult male, but rather paler gray, the 

 upper parts (especially back) tinged more or less with light grayish 

 brown, the wing-bands usually less distinct, frequently obsolete, and 

 the third tail-feather more often with a little dusk}-; length (skins), 

 149.61-168.15 (159.26); wing, 81.03-84.33 (82.55); tail, 71.12-76.20 

 (73.66); exposed culmen, 11.43-12.45 (11.94); tarsus, 19.81-21.08 

 (20.57); middle toe, 13.21-14.99 (13.97).' 



Winter birds, especially young, are more or less tinged with light 

 grayish brown, especially on back. In some adult males the tertials 

 are edged with white. 



Breeding in Wyoming (Bear Lodge Mountains) and western North 

 Dakota (Black Hills); migrating in winter to Colorado and western 

 and middle Kansas, casually to Indian Territory (Caddo) and Wiscon- 

 sin (Jefferson). 



Junco hyem.al%ava,r. aikenii Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, Dec, 1872, 201 

 (nomen nudum; habits). 



[Junco hyemalW] var. aikeni Ridgway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 612, 614 (El Paso 

 Co., Colorado; coll. C. E. Aiken).— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's 

 Surv.,1873 (1874), 113 (crit.). 



Junr-o hyemaiis y&r. aikeni Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1873, 182 (Colo- 

 rado). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N.Am. Birds, i, 1874, 584. — 

 Snow, Observer of Nature, iii, 1876 (Ellis, w. Kansas, 1 spec. Nov. 8) . 



' Eight specimens. * Five specimens. 



