402 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Texas, Dec, Jan.)- — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 248. — Mekriam, Rep. V. S. 

 Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 684 (Idaho).— Henshaiv, Auk, iii, 1886, 74 (upper 

 Pecos R., New Mexico, breeding). 



[Emherizoides] chlorura Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 91, no. 7331. 



Atlapetes chlorurus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 1888, 738. 



Oreosopiza chlorura Eidgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 605. — American 

 Ornithologists' Union Committee, Auk, xiv, 1897, 129; xvi, 1899, 121. — 

 Ghinnell, Pub. ii, Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1898, 40 (Los Angeles Co., s. Cali- 

 fornia, breeding on higher mountains, wintering below). 



Fringilla blandingiana Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, Apr., 1843, 360 

 ( Arizona ; =adult ) . 



Embernagra blandingiana Baird, in Stansbury's Eep. Gt, Salt Lake, 1852, 330 

 (Rocky Mts.).— Cassin, lUustr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 1856, 70, pi. 12.— 

 DuGES, La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 140 (Guanajuato). 



Zonotrichia blandingiana Woodhouse, in Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuiii and Col. 

 R., 1853, 85 (near San Antonio, Texas, and Zuiii Mts., New Mexico). 



Pipilo rufipileus Ijafreshaye, Rev. Zool., new ser., i, 1848, 176 (Mexico). 



P.lipilo} rufipileus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 487 (Mexico). 



Kieneria ruflpilea Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xl, 1855, 356. 



Genus PIPILO Vieillot. 



Pipilo Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 32. (Type, Fringilla erythrophlhalma Linnaeus.) 

 Pipillo Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 286. 



Chammoapiza Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 304. (Tyj^e, Pipilo tor- 

 quatua Du Bus.) 



Large terrestrial or semiterrestrial Fringillidfe, with rather short, 

 much rounded wing, long tail (usually longer than wing), stout feet, 

 and plumage plain or pied (black, white, and rufouS, olive-green,. white, 

 and rufous, or brown, white, and rufous), onl}' the young streaked 

 below. 



Bill moderate, its depth at base equal to or greater than length of 

 the gonys and decidedlj^ greater than its width; exposed culmen about 

 one-half to two-thirds as long as the tarsus, gently convex at base and 

 tip, straight or sometimes faintlj^ depressed between, or nearly 

 straight throughout; gonys straight or faintly convex, nearlj^ or quite 

 as long as distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; maxillary tomium 

 first faintly concave, then slightly convex, again a little concave at 

 beginning of the decided though not abrupt basal deflection; mandib- 

 ular tomium nearly straight to the distinctly toothed subbasal angle, 

 sometimes more or less sinuate immediately in front of the latter. 

 Nostril horizontal, somewhat wedge-shaped, more or less pointed 

 anteriorly. Rictal bristles distinct. Wing moderate or rather short 

 (a little more than two and one-half to four times as long as tarsus), 

 much rounded (ninth primary shorter than second, the seventh, sixth, 

 and fifth longest); primaries exceeding .secondaries bj' not more (usu- 

 ally much less) than exposed culmen. Tail longer than wing, less than 

 half hidden by upper coverts, rounded, the rectrices rather broad, with 



