BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 403 



compact webs amd rounded tips. Tarsus usualty decidedlj' longei than 

 middle toe with claw (decidedlj- shorter in P. ftiscus and its su?j- 

 species), its scutella distinct; lateral claws reaching decidedly beyond 

 base of middle claw (P. torquatus^ P. macronyx, and their allies), or 

 the inner claw barely reaching base of middle claw and the outer fall- 

 ing short of it (in P. fusaiis and its subspecies, other species being 

 intermediate) ; hind claw equal to or longer than its digit (or shorter 

 in P. crissalis only). 



Coloration. — The rather numerous species of this genus exhibit tAvo 

 very different types of coloration, as follows: 



Group I. Chest black or brown, in very sharp contrast with white 

 breast and belly, the sides and flanks grayish brown, fulvous, or 

 chestnut-tawny; upper parts black, brown, or olive-green. 



Group II. Chest neither black nor brown, or else if the latter the 

 breast of the same color (light grayish brown or wood brown) ; upper 

 parts plain brownish gra}'^ or light brown. 



Range. — Temperate North America and south through Mexico to 

 highlands of Guatemala. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PIPILO. 



a. Chest uniform black or brown, or crossed by a broad band of black, sharply 

 defined against white of breast. 

 h. Upper parts at least partly olive-green; edge of wing yellow, 

 c. Chin and throat white. 



d. White superciliary stripe distinct; black jugular collar narrower. (Moun- 

 tains of southeastern Mexico. ) 



Pipilo torquatus torquatus, male and female (p. 406) 

 dd. White superciliary stripe indistinct or obsolete; black jugular collar 

 broader. (Mountains of southwestern Mexico. ) 



Pipilo torquatua alticola, male and female (p. 408) 

 cc. Chin and throat black like chest, or else throat with merely a white spot. 

 d. Sides and flanks dull cinnamon-brown or olive. (State of Michoacan, 



southwestern Mexico.) Pipilo nigrescens, male and female (p. 408) 



dd. Sides and flanks tawny or cinnamon-rufous. 

 e. Back and scapulars streaked with blackish and pale yellow. (South- 

 eastern portion of Mexican plateau. ) 



Pipilo macronyx macronyx, male and female (p. 409) 

 ee. Back and scapulars plain olive-green. (Southwestern portion of Mexi- 

 can plateau.) Pipilo macronyx virescens, male and female (p. 410) 



66. Upper parts without olive-green; edge of wing white, 

 c. Head, neck, and chest black. 

 d. Scapulars and wing-coverts varied with white streaks or spots. 

 e. Back olive, streaked with black; rump olive-brownish. (Mexican plateau 

 south to highlands of Guatemala. ) 



Pipilo maculatna maculatns, male (p. 410) 

 ee. Back black, sometimes streaked with olive-grayish; rump olive-grayish 

 or black. 

 /. White markings larger, the spot on outermost tail-feather averaging 

 more than 25.40 in length. 



