412 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Pipilo macnlata Swaixsox, Philos. JIag., new ser., i, 1827, 434 (Real del Monte, 

 Hidalgo, Mexico; coll. W. Swainson). 



Pipillo maculata S^^•Alssos, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 374. 



Pipilo maculatuB Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 304 (Maltrato, Vera 

 ■ Cruz); 1858,304 ( La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859,380 (Cinco Senores, Oaxaca).— 

 ScLATEE and Salyin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 361 (Valley of Mexico, 

 in tierra fria). — Sumichrast, MerQ. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1869, 552 

 plateau and alpine reg. Vera Cruz). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 113, footnote (Oaxaca; Real del Monte). — Lawrence, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 22 (Cienguilla, alpine reg. Oaxaca) . — Salyin 

 and GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am.,Aves,i, 1886, 408. — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., xii, 1888, 747.— Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 215 (Chalchi- 

 comula, Puebla; crit.). — Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157 (Mount Orizaba, etc., 

 Puebla; crit.). 



P. [ijiilo] maculata Swaixsox, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 261, footnote (crit.) . 



Pipilo mocitfato .Tardine and Selby, IHustr. Orn., i, 1839, (81), pis. 31,32 (Real del 

 Monte). 



P.lipilo} maailatus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 360. — Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 

 1850, 487, part (Mexico) .— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 396.— Ridg- 

 way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 436. 



IPipilo'] macidaius Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870,92, no. 7357. — Sclater and Salyin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr.,1873, 33. 



[Pipilo macutous] var. maculatus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 108. 



IPipilo maculatus var. arcticus'] a. maculatus Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 175 (synon- 

 ymy). 



Pipilo oregonus (not of Bell) Salyin, Ibis, 1866, 193 (Quezaltenango, Solola, and 

 Chimaltenango, Guatemala). — Duges, La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 140 (Guana- 

 juato). 



Pipilo arcticus (not of Swainson) Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 119, part (Real 

 del Monte). 



Pipilo submaculatus Ridgway, Auk, iii, July, 1886, 332 (Tezuitlan, Puebla; coll. 

 Comis. Geogr. Expl. Mexico) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 146. 



P. [ipilo] submaculatus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 438. 



{Pipilo m-aculatusl. Subsp. e. Pipilo submaculatus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 

 xii, 1888, 750. 



PijMo orizabx Cox, Auk, xi, Apr., 1894, 161 (Mount Orizaba, alt. 11,000 ft.; V. S. 

 Nat. Mus. ) ; xii, 1895, 357 (see Nelson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157). 



PIPILO MACULATUS ARCTICUS (Swainson). 

 ARCTIC TOWHEE. 



Similar to P. in. maculatuR but wing longer, tail shorter, bill, legs, and 

 feet smaller, and white on wings, tail, back, etc., more extended; adult 

 male more extensivelj^ black above, with graj'ish olive or olive-gray 

 replacing olive-brown on rump, etc., the scapulars and interscapulars 

 mostly (sometimes wholly) black except for the white streaks, which 

 are broader than- in P. m. maculatn.fi, those on exterior scapulars occupy- 

 ing whole of exposed portion of outer webs; white wing-bands, 

 broader and white tail-patches usually much more extensive; adult 

 female much paler than in P. in. maculatus, the throat and chest light 



