BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 413 



grayish brown (hair brown or broccoli brown instead of sooty black 

 or dark sooty brown), and general color of upper parts, except back, 

 decidedly lighter and grayer; young also much paler than correspond- 

 ing stage of P. m. maeulahis, with streaks on chest, etc., much nar- 

 rower, and ground color of under parts less buffy. 



Aduit male.— Ijength (skins), 175.26-211.84(195.33); wing, 84.58- 

 91.19 (87.63); tail, 90.93-104.14 (97.28); exposed culmen, 11.94-13.97 

 (13.95); tarsus, 25.40-28.19 (26.92); middle toe, 17.78-20.32 (19.30); 

 hind claw, 8.89-12.70 (10.92); white on lateral tail-feathers, 29.21-41.91 

 (35.31).' 



Adult female.— Length (skins), 182.63-210.82 (193.66); wing, 78.74- 

 90.93 (83.82); tail, 86.36-104.14 (92.46); exposed culmen, 12.19-13.97 

 (12.70); tarsus, 25.40-27.94 (26.67); middle toe, 17.78-20.32 (18.54); 

 hind claw, 9.65-12.19 (10.67); white or lateral tail-feathers, 27.94-36.07 

 (31.75).^ 



Great Plains and eastern foothills of Rocky Mountains, breeding 

 from south-central Montana (and Wyoming?) and western North 

 Dakota north to Fort Carle ton and Forks of the Saskatchewan; in 

 winter south to Texas and eastern New Mexico, west to Utah (Bluff 

 City, North Creek, Provo, Toquerville, etc.) and eastern Washington 

 (Okanogan County?), and eastward across the Great Plains to Indian 

 Territory, eastern Kansas, Nebraska, and North and South Dakota, 

 casually to Iowa (Dubuque), and even to Wisconsin (Milwaukee). 



Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 260 (Plains of the 

 Saskatchewan). 



Pipilo arctica Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pis. 51, 52. — WooDHonsE, Rep.. 

 Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 81, part (Indian Territory). 



Pipilo arcticus Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 589; 2d ed., i, 1840, 

 610. — Bonapakte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 35. — Bell, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 

 V, 1852, 7.— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1852, 514; Cat. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1859, no. 393.— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 119, part (Bijoux 

 Hills, Nebraska) .^— Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, May 

 27); 1863, 80 (Fort Carleton, Brit. Am.).— Hayden, Trans. Am. Philos. 

 Soc, xii, 1863, 168 (eastward range, etc.). — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 492 (Ban- 

 dera Hills, Texas, Nov.; San Antonio, winter). — Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., 

 viii, 1876, 110 (near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Illinois, opp. Dubuque, Iowa, 

 accidental).— Holden, Proc. Bost. Soc. N.H., 1872, 202 (Wyoming).— Baird, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 31, figs. 5, 6. 



P-lipilo} ctrclicus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 487. 



\_Pipilo erythrophthidmusi var. arclieiig Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872,. 

 178, part (western edge of Great Plains, Colorado). 



Pipilo erythrophthalmus . . . var. arcticus Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 

 1873, 183 (Colorado). 



IPipilo macidcdus.'i Var. arcticus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, Oct., 1872, 152. 



Pipilo mamlatus . . . var. arcticus Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 205a. 



Pipilo maculatus . . . Var. arcticus Snow, Birds Kansas, 3d ed., 1875, 7 (w. 

 Kansas, migr. ). 



1 Sixteen specimens. '' Thirteen specimens. 



