BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 423 



Soccorro Island, Revillegigedo group, off northwestern Mexico. 



Pipilo carmani " Baird MSS." Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Feb., 

 1871, 7 (Socorro I.; Revillegigedo group, n. w. Mexico; U. S. Nat. Mus.).— 

 Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1871, 299 (habits). — Salvin and 

 GoDMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 407. — Townsend, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 135.— McGregor, Auli, xv, 1898, 264 (descr. young).— 

 Anthony, Auk, xv, 1898, 317. 



P.[vpilo] carmani Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 438. 



Pipilo erythrophthlamus var. carmani Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc, ii, 1874, 277. 



[Pipilo maculaliis] var. carmani Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1874, 109. 



Flpilo maculatus carmani Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, ±880, 181, 

 217, 228; Norn. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 238d. 



[Pipilo maculatuK.] Subsp. ?. Pipilo carmani Skarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 

 1888, 751. 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linnaeus). 



TOWHEE; CHEWINK. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, chest, and upper parts black; side.s and 

 flanks uniform cinnamon-rufous, sometimes margined below, anteri- 

 orly, by black streaks; anal region and under tail-coverts cinnamon- 

 buffjf; breast and abdomen white; eighth to fourth or third primaries 

 with basal portion of outer web white, forming a more or less exten- 

 sive patch; middle or post-median portion of eighth to sixth or fifth 

 primaries edged with white, this sometimes confluent with the white 

 basal area; outer webs of tertials bi-oadly edged with white for part 

 of their length; outer web of outermost rectrices mostly white, or 

 edged with white; inner webs of three outermost rectrices extensively 

 white terminally, the white on the first rectrix 33.02-53.34 in extent 

 (measured along the shaft), averaging 39.62; fourth rectrix some- 

 times with more or less of a white spot at tip of inner web; bill wholly 

 black in summer, the mandible paler (more or less horn colored) in 

 winter; iris red (usually carmine or rose red); tarsi light brownish, 

 toes usually darker; length (skins), 186.94-206.74 (195.58); wing, 83.57- 

 94.49 (89.16); tail, 88.89-99.31 (94.23); exposed culmen, 13.46-14.73 

 (13.97); depth of bill at base, 10.18-11.94 (11.18); tarsus, 27.43-29.72 

 (28.45); middle toe, 18.80-21.34 (19.81); length of white spot on out- 

 ermost rectrix 33.02-63.34 (39.62).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but with the black por- 

 tions replaced by brown (dull prouts brown above, lighter, more 

 cinnamon-brown or raw umber on throat and chest); length (skins), 

 172.72-191.01 (184.40); wing, 76.20-83.82 (81.03); tail, 80.52-89.41 

 (86.11); exposed culmen, 12.95-14.73 (13.72); depth of bill at base, 

 10.41-11.18 (10.67); tarsus, 26.16-28.19 (26.92); middle' toe, 17.53- 



^ Seventeen specimens. 



