BIRDS OF NORTH AND JIIDJJLE AMERICA. 435 



to Mendocino and Shasta counties, south to Santa Barbara and Kern 

 counties, and northern part of San Bernardino County. 



Frincjilla crissalis Vigoes, Zool. ^'oy. "Blossom", 1839, 19 (Jloiiterey, California; 

 type in Brit. Mus.^). 



[Pipilo'] aissatis Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 93, no. 7635. 



[JPipilo fuecus.'] Var. crissalis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 153. 



Pipilo fuscus . . . var. crissalis Coues,' Check List, 1873, no. 206/a— Hensh.\w, 

 Rep. "Wheeler's Surv., 1876, 247 (Santa Barbara; WalkerV Basin; Kernville; 

 habits). 



Pipilo fuscus, var. a'issalis Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 122.— Nelson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xviii, 1875, 359 (Nevada, 

 California).— Cooper, Am. Nat, x, 1876, 92. 



Pipilo fasca crissalis Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vi, Oct., 1874, 172. 



Pipilo fascus crissalis Brewster, Bull. Nut. Orn. Club, iv, Jan., 1879, 41 (Nicasio, 

 Marin Co., California; descr. young). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 

 Aug. 24, 1880, 181; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 2406.— Coues, Check List, 

 2d ed., 1882, no. 308.— American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 no. 5916.— Evekmann, Auk, iii, 1886, 182 (Ventura Co., Cahfornia).— Town- 

 send, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 220 (n. Sacramento Valley).— Fisher, 

 N.' Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 105, part (Cajon Pass, Argus Range, etc., s. e. 

 California) . 



l^lipilo] f.[uscus'] crissalis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 397. 



P. [ipilo'] fuscus crissalis Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 441. 



Pipilo fuscus, §. crissalis Ridgw.vy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i. Mar. 21, 1879, 420 

 (centr. California, resident). 



Pipilo crissalis Baihd, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 31, 

 fig. 9.— Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 498 (w. base Sierra Nevada); Proc. 

 U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 391 (Calaveras Co., Cahfornia). 



[Pipilo fuscus.l Subsp. a. Pipilo crissalis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 1888, 

 753. 



Pipilo fusca (not of Swainson) Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 

 330 (California).— Cassin, Illustr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 1856, 124, pi. 17 (Cali- 

 fornia). — Newberry, Rep.Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, pt. iv, 1857, 89 (Sacramento 

 Valley).— Heermann, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. iv, 1859, 51 (California). 



Pipilo fuscus Heermann, Jourii. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1852, 267 (California). — 

 ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1857, 127 (San Jos6 Valley, California); 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 119, excl. syn. part (Santa Clara, Cahfornia). — Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 517, excl. syn. part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 396.— Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, Cali- 

 fornia). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 245, excl. syn. part. 



P. [ipilo} fuscus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 487, part (California). 



[Oriturus] wrangeli Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, July 10, 1850, 47 (North America; 

 nomen nudum.'). 



Oriturus wrangeli "Brandt" Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xliii, 1856, 413. 



PIPILO CRISSALIS CAROL.^ (McGregor). 

 NORTHERN BROWN TOWHEE. 



Similar to P. c. crissalis but slightly darker and less brown above, 

 with pileum nearly concolor with back instead, of decidedly more 

 rufescent; back, etc., dark hair brown rather than drab brown, the 



'Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xii, 1888, 754. 



