BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 437 



Southern California (south of San Bernardino Mountains) and 

 northern Lower California (south along Pacific side at least to parallel 

 of 29°). 



Pipilofuscus crissalis (not Fringilla crisKidin Vigors) Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 V, 1883, 528 (San Quentin Bay, Lower California).— Morcom, Bull. Ridgw. 

 Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 50 (San Bernardino and San Diego counties, Cali- 

 fornia). ^Emerson, Bull. Cal. Ac. Soi., no. 7, 1887, 423,429 (Volcano Mts. 

 and Poway, San Diego Co.). — (?) Fishek, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 105, 

 part (San Bernardino).— Anthony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 242 (San Pedro MartirMta., 

 Lower California). 



Pipilo fuscus senicula Anthony, Auk, xii, Apr., 1895, 111, 141 (San Fernando, 

 Lower California; coll. A. W Anthony). — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 591c.— Ridgw ay, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 

 1896, 605.— Geinnbll, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 40 (Los Angeles Co., 

 California, up to 4,000 ft., resident). 



Genus MELOZONK Reichenbach. 



Melozone Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., March 1, 1850, pi. 79, fig. 1. (Type, 



Pyrgita biarcuata Provost and Des Murs. ) 

 Pyrgisoma "Pucheran" Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, July 20, 1850, 486. (Type, 



Pyrgita biarcuata Provost and Des Murs. ) 

 Kieneria Bonaparte, Compt. Rend, xl, 1855, 356. fType, Pyrgisoma Meneri 



Bonaparte.) 



Medium-sized terrestrial Fringillidse with long and stout feet, much 

 rounded wing, tail shorter (or at least not longer) than wing, and the 

 plumage without streaks. 



Bill moderate (exposed culmen about half as long as tarsus, or some- 

 what more), its depth at base equal to or slightly more than length of 

 gonys, and decidedly greater than basal width; culmen nearly straight 

 to near tip, where distinctly convex; gonys straight or very faintly 

 convex, a little shorter than distance from nostrils to tip of maxilla; 

 maxillary tomium first gently concave, then gently convex in mid- 

 dle portion, then concave directly in front of the decidedly but, not 

 abruptly deflected rictal portion; mandibular tomium gently convex, 

 its sub basal angle distinctlj' toothed. Wing rather short (nearly two 

 and three-fourths to about three and a half times as long as tarsus), 

 much rounded (ninth primary much shorter than secondaries, the sev- 

 enth to fifth or fourth longest) ; primaries exceeding secondaries bj^ less 

 than length of gonys. Tail equal to or shorter than wing, more or 

 less rounded, the rectrices broad and rounded at tips, less than half 

 covered by coverts. Tarsus moderate, usually shorter than middle 

 toe with claw (a little longer in M. ruh'icatum), its scutella distinct; 

 lateral claws reaching nearly or quite to base of middle claw; hind 

 claw usuallj' shorter than its digit (equal to it in 3L rubricatum). 



Coloration. — Above plain brown or brownish gray; edge of wing 

 white or 3'ellow (the latter in 3L leucotis and 2L occipitalis); occiput 



