BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 489 



Geospiza pallida Rothschild and Haetbrt, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 165, pi. 



6, figs. 34-36 (Indefatigable, Jervis, Duncan, James, and Albemarle islands; 



Chatham I. ?; crit.). 

 Clactomis'] hypoleuca Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xii, no. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, 



109, in text (James I., Galapagos Archipelago; collection U. S. Xat. Mus.). 

 (?) Camarhynchus productus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 



15, 1894, 364 (Albemarle I., Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. 



Baur); xix, 1897, 566, pi. 56, flg. 8 (monogr.). 



Genus GEOSPIZA Gould. 



Oeospiza Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. v, 1837, 5. (Type, G. magniroslm 



Gould.) 

 Cactomis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. v, 1837, 6. (Tvpe, C. xravdens 



Gould.) 



Similar to Platyspiza but culmen much less strongly convex (often 

 nearl}^ straight for part of its length), less distinctl.y ridged; angle of 

 mandibular tomium not obviously toothed; adult males entirely black, 

 except under tail-coverts. 



Bill exceedingly variable in relative length, depth, and width, its 

 lateral outlines and gonys nearly (sometimes quite) straight, and tip 

 acute; culmen, from extreme base, less than two-thirds to quite as 

 long as tarsus; depth of bill at base less than half culmen to nearly as 

 long as culmen, but always greater than width of mandible at base; 

 culmen more or less convex (always most so basally), but sometimes 

 almost straight; the basal portion usualty strongly ridged and some- 

 times elevated and strongly arched; gonys straight or almost inappre- 

 ciably convex, decidedly shorter than length of maxilla from nostril; 

 maxillary tomium without subterminal notch, first faintly (sometimes 

 almost inappreciably) concave, then about as much convex, again 

 reentering at the beginning of the abrupt and very conspicuous basal 

 deflectiQn; mandibular tomium nearly straight or slightlj^ convex, 

 with its basal portion abruptly deflected, but the angle thus formed 

 not toothed. Nostrils very small, oval or nearly circular. Rictal 

 bristles obsolete. Wing rather short (a little more than three to nearlj"- 

 three and one-half times tarsus), rounded (eighth to sixth primaries 

 longest, ninth not longer than fifth, usually shorter); primaries exceed- 

 ing secondaries by less than exposed culmen; tertials not longer than 

 secondaries. Tail short (decidedly more than half the wing, a little 

 less to a little more than twice as long as tarsus), slightly rounded, the 

 rectrices broad, with rounded tips, about half hidden bj' the coverts. 

 Outstretched feet reaching to or beyond tip of tail; tarsus about equal 

 to middle toe with claw (sometimes a little longer or shorter), its scu- 

 tella distinct; lateral toes very long, reaching to nearly middle of last 

 phalanx of middle toe, their claws reaching to or decidedly beyond 

 the base of the middle claw; hallux shorter than lateral toes, its claw 

 nearly or quite as long as the digit. 



