BIRD8 06' NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 615 



Adult male.— Length (.skins), 165.10-182.88 (176.02); wing, 97.79- 

 104.14(101.35); tail, 72.90-78.23(74.93); exposed culmen, 14.99-17.53 

 (16.76); tarsus, 21.08-23.62 (22.61)." 



Adidtfemale.—hQngth (skins), 171.45-177.80 (176.53); wing, 95.25- 

 101.09 (98.55); tail, 69.85-74.93 (72.39); exposed culmen, 15.49-17.78 

 (17.02); tarsus, 21.59-24.13 (22.35).' 



Eastern United States and more soutliern British provinces, from 

 Atlantic coast to edge of the Great Plains (eastern Kansas to Mani- 

 toba); breeding from New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Delaware, Chester, 

 Crawford, Erie, Indiana, and Clearfield counties), northern Ohio 

 (Wayne County), northern Indiana (south to Wabash, Vigo, Tippe- 

 canoe, Boone, Monroe, Madison, and Clinton counties), northern 

 Illinois (south to Quincy), Iowa and eastern Kansas,^ north to Mani- 

 toba (Saskatchewan, etc.), Ontario, Nova Scotia, etc., and south along 

 the Allegheny Mountains to western North Carolina (3,500 to 5,000 

 feet); in winter south to Bahamas (Watlings Island), Cuba, Jamaica, 

 and through Mexico (both sides) and Central America to western 

 Ecuador (Esmeraldas, base of Pichincha, Mapoto, etc.) and province 

 of Santa Marta, Colombia; casual in Bermudas. 



[Loxia] ludoviciana Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 306 (Louisiana; based on 

 Coccothraustes ludoviciana Brisson, Orn., iii, 247, pi. 12, fig. 2). — Gmeun, 

 Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 861.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 379. 



io.rio ludoviciana Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 135, pi. 17, fig. 2. 



Pyrrhula ludoviciana Sabine, Franklin's Journ., i, Zool. App., 1823, 675. 



Guiraca ludoviciana Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., i, 1827, 438.— Jakdine, ed. 

 Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 277, pi. 17, fig. 2.— Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1837, 116 (Mexico); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 30.— Gosse, Birds 

 Jamaica, 1847, 259.— Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 497; Cat. N. 

 Am. Birds, 1859, no. 380.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 

 (Cuba). — Hayden, Report, 1862, 168 (Missouri R.). — Albeecht, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1862, 196 (Jamaica) . — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 491 (San Antonio, Texas). — 

 Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 552 (Vera Cruz, winter). — 

 TuRNBULL, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 24 (breeding). 



G. [tiiracoj ludoviciana Gray, Gen. Birds., ii, 1844, 357. 



[Guiraca'] ludoviciana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 501. 



Fringilla ludoviciana Bonaparte, Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 79, pi. 15, fig. 2. — Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 166; v, 1839, 513, pi. 127. 



Coccothraustes (Guiraca) ludoviciana Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 271. 



Coccoborus ludovidanus Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 133; Birds Am., oct. ed., iii, 

 1841, 209, pi. 205.— Lembeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 59, pi. 8, fig. 1.— 

 Hurdis, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 36 (Bermudas, 1 spec. Oct.). — Maxi- 

 milian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 267 (Lehigh, Pennsylvania; Missouri).^ 

 Willis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas). 



H. [edymeles} ludoviciana C abanis, Mus. Hein. , i, June, 1851, 152 ( N, Am. ; Mexico ) . 



Hedymeles ludoviciana Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 9 (Cuba); 1861, 7 (Costa 

 Rica). — Langdon, Revised List Birds Cine, 1879, 10 (May; Sept.). — 



' Ten specimens. 



''Said to have nested in eastern Colorado (Longmont); Cooke, Bull. Col. Agric. 

 Coll., no. 44, 1898, 167. 



