BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 635 



d. Larger (averaging, wing 84.84 or more, tail 93.47 or more, oulmen from 

 base 19.81 or more, tarsus 25.15 or more). 

 e. Larger (wing 87.63, culmen from base 21.34); back, etc., more tawny. 



Cardinalis cardinalis littoralia, female (p. 643) 

 ee.. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 85.09, nor culmen mf)re than 

 20.07) ; back, etc., duller, more grayish olive. 

 /. Paler, with longer tail and shorter tarsus; wing 85.09, tail 98.30, culmen 



20.07, tarsus 25.15 Cardinalis cardinalis ooocineua, female (p. 642) 



ff. Darker, with shorter tail and longer tarsus; wing 84.84, tail 93.47, 

 (Oilmen 19.81, tarsus 25.91. 



Cardinalis cardinalis aatnratus, female (p. 645) 

 dd. Smaller (averaging, wing 81.53, tail 92.20, culmen from base 18.54, tarsus 



24.13) Cardinalis cardinalis yncatanicus, female (p. 644) 



cc. Outer surface of closed wings with red entirely or mostly concealed; tarsus 

 averaging only 22.35 Cardinalis carnens, female (p. 650) 



CARDINALIS CARDINALIS CARDINALIS (Linnaeus). 

 CARDINAL GROSBEAK. 



Adult male. — Lores, anterior portion of forehead, anterior part of 

 malar region, chin, and throat, black, forming a conspicuous capistrum, 

 entirely surrounding the bill; rest of head vei'milion red, duller on 

 pileum (including crest), brighter on auricular region and cheeks; 

 under parts pure vermilion red, becoming slighty paler posteriorly, 

 the flanks slightly tinged with grayish; hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts dull vermilion red, the feathers margined 

 terminally with olive-grayish (wearing away in midsummer); wings 

 and tail dull red, still duller on greater coverts and secondaries, the ter- 

 tials usually, and sometimes the rectrices, more or less edged with olive- 

 grayish; bill bright orange-red or red-orange in life, fading to orange 

 or yellowish in dried skins; iris, deep brown; legs and feet, horn-color; 

 length (skins), 187.96-213.36 (202.95);^ wing, 91.44-99.82 (94.23); tail, 

 96.01-110.49 (104.14); culmen, from base, 18.03-20.32 (19.05); depth 

 of bill at base, 14.99-17.53 (15.49); width of mandible at base, 10.92- 

 12.95 (12.19); tarsus, 22.86-25.91 (24.64); middle toe, 16.24-18.03 

 (17.02)." 



Adult female. — Wings and tail much as in the male, but the red 

 duller; red of head and bod}- replaced above b}^ plain grayish olive or 

 huffy grayish, the crest partly dull red; below by pale fulvous or buffy 

 (nearly white on abdomen), the chest often tinged or mixed with red; 

 capistrum dull grayish, sometimes nearly white on throat; bill, etc., 

 as in the adult male; length (skins), 187.96-207.01 (196.60);= wing, 

 88.39-96.01 (90.93); tail, 93.98-107.19 (99.57); culmen, from base, 

 16.51-20.32 (18.80); depth of bill at base, 13.97-15.76 (15.24); width 



1 Length before skinning, about 222.00-235.00. 



^ Thirty-one specimens. 



'Length before skinning, about 209.50-216.00. 



