636 BULLETIN 50, tTNlTBl) STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



of mandible at base, 11.43-13.21 (12.45); tarsus, 22.86-25.65 (24.38); 

 middle toe, 15.49-17.78 (16.76).' 



Ymmg male. — Somewhat like the adult female, but bill mainly dusky 

 horn color, capistrum obsolete, and under parts more or less clouded 

 or tinged with light vermilion. 



Young female. — Similar to young male, but without admixture of 

 red on under parts. 



[The young retain their immature plumage for only a short time; 

 being immediately after their autumn molt essentially identical in 

 coloration with adults, the only obvious difference consisting in the 

 duller red, or partially dusky, color of the bill.] 



Eastern United States; north, regularly and breeding, to south- 

 eastern New York (Long Island, New York City, Nyack, etc.), lower 



' Thirty-seven specimens. 



Specimens from west of the Allegheny Mountains average slightly different from 

 those taken in the Atlantic coaat district. The males average appreciably brighter 

 in color, the red being more intense and at the same time purer. Females average 

 both paler and grayer. The difference is in the direction of the rather poorly char- 

 acterized subspecies of Texas and northeastern Mexico (C. c. cnnicaudus) , and the 

 Mississippi Valley birds are so completely intermediate between the latter and true 

 C. airdliiali« that they may almost as properly be referred to one as to the other. 



Specimens from South Carolina and Georgia, while averaging a little smaller than 

 those from more northern localities, are clearly referable to true C. rardinalu rather 

 than to the Florida form. 



Separating the series of specimens into three lots, according to the district from 

 whence they were obtained, average measurements are as follows: 



Locality. 



MALES. 



Thirteen adult males from Pennsylvania 

 to Virginia 



Four adult males from South Carolina and 

 Georgia 



Fourteen adult males from Mississippi 

 Valley 



Four adult males from Louisiana 



FEMALES. 



Twenty-two adult females from Pennsyl- 

 vania to Virginia 



Two adult females from South Carolina 

 and Georgia 



Thirteen adult females from Mississippi 

 Valley 



Wing. 



M.49 

 93.73 



94.23 

 90. 42 



90.42 

 88.90 

 91.96 



102. .36 

 100.08 



107.19 

 95.2.5 



101. 60 

 93.98 

 100. 84 



Culraen 

 from 

 base. 



18.80 

 18.80 



19. .56 

 20.57, 



18.64 

 20.07 

 18.54 



Depth 

 of bill 

 at base. 



15.49 

 16.24 



15. 75 

 16.26 



1,5.24 

 15. 24 

 14.99 



Width of 

 mandi- 

 ble at 

 base. 



12.19 

 12.19 



12.45 

 13.21 



12.45 

 12.19 

 12.46 



TarsiLS, 



24.64 

 24.89 



24.38 

 26. "lO 



24.38 

 24.64 

 24.64 



Middle 

 toe. 



16.76 

 16.76 



17.02 

 13.21 



16.61 

 17.27 

 16.76 



The measurements of Louisiana specimens are given above simply for sake of com- 

 parison. The Louisiana bird almost certainly is not true C cardinalis, neither can it 

 be referred without doubt to C. c. flm-idanus; but until more numerous specimens, 

 including females as well as males, have been examined I do not propose to sepa- 

 rate it. 



