16 



PB ACTIO AL GUIDE TO GARDEN PLANTS 



Smooth, free from all kinds of roughness. 

 Solitary, growing singly, said of flowers when 



only one is borne on the stalk. 

 Spadix, a succulent spike bearing many 



sessile closely placed flowers, as in flg. 99, 



where b.st represents the barren stamens ; 



f.st the fertile stamens ; bp the barren 



pistils ; and fp the fertile ones capable of 



producing seeds. 

 SpaUie, a large bract often inclosing a spadix, 



as shown in fig. 41 ; s is the spathe and sp 



the spadix. 



FIG. 102.— SPADIX. 



FIO. 103.— 

 SPATHULATE. 



PIG. lot— SPIKE. 



Spathulate or Spatulate, oblong, with a long 

 and narrow base ; spoon-shaped (flg. 103). 



Spike, a long simple axis with many sessUe 

 flowers like a raceme except that the 

 ihdividual flowers have no stalks ; see 

 fig. 104, representing the flower spike of 

 Plantain. 



Spikelet, the small group of flowers in 

 Grasses enclosed within one or more 

 glumes. 



Spine, a stiff, sharp, woody, persistent thorn, 

 as seen in Gooseberries, Barberries, Black- 

 thorns &a. 



Spinose, furnished with spines. 



Spinulose, with small, often very minute 

 spines or prickles. 



Sporangium, a single 

 spore ease which eon- 

 tains the spores or seeds 

 of Ferns. In fig. 105 sp 

 represents the dust-like 

 spores falling from the 

 ruptured case ; and «. 

 represents the stifEer 

 ringed midrib or annu- 

 lus (see Indusium). 



Spur, a tubular exten- 

 sion of the lower part 

 of a petal or monopetalous corolla, as seen 

 in Columbines and TropsBolum (fig. 22). 



Squamatus, clothed with scales. 



Squarrose, rough with projecting or deflexed 

 scales. 



Stamen, the male organ of a flower, usually 

 formed of a filament and anther. In fig. 9, 

 / represents the filament; a the anther 

 shedding the pollen p ; and c the con- 

 nective or midrib between the 2 anther 



ma. 105.— 



SPORANGIUM. 



lobes. The connective is produced in 

 one case, as in the stamens of Paris 

 quadrifoUa. 

 Staminode, rudimentary organs next to the 

 stamens ; usually barren or antherless 

 stamens. 

 Standard, the upper or posterior petal of 

 a Pea-flower which is outside the others 

 in the bud, shown at st in fig. 5. 

 Stellate, radiating from a centre like a star ; 

 applied to flowers of which the petals are 

 narrow and distant and radiate like the 

 rays of a star. 

 Stellulate, like minute stars. 

 Stigma, the cellular part at the top of a 

 carpel or style to which the pollen adheres, 

 shown at st in fig. 1, and stig in figs. 36, 

 109. 

 Stipe, the stalk of Fern fronds up to the 



lowest pinnee. 

 Stipitate, stalked ; applied to carpels which 

 are more or less slightly elevated on a 

 stalk. A stipitate pappus is shown in 

 fig. 78, 6. 

 Stipules, leaf -like appendages at the base of 

 the petiole, shown at st in figs. 64, 98, 

 111 (s). 

 Stolon, an offset or runner producing roots 



at intervals, as in Strawberry. 

 Strap-shaped, not very narrow nor long, 

 and with nearly parallel sides ; the same 

 as ligulate. 

 Striate, with slender streaks or furrows. 

 Strobilus, a flower-head or 

 cone consisting of several 

 overlapping scales, as seen 

 in many members of the 

 Conifer order (p. 972). 

 Style, the slender termina- 

 tion of a carpel bearing 

 the stigma, shown in fig. 

 83. 

 Sub, in composition means 

 almost or nearly, some- 

 what ; thus sub-rotund 

 means nearly round ; sub-shrubby, some- 

 what shrubby ; sub-orbicular, roundish 

 &c. 

 Subulate, awl-shaped, tapering from the 

 base to a fine point, a long narrow 

 triangle. 

 Sucker, a leafy stem produced at the end of 

 an underground shoot, as with Plum trees. 

 Lilacs &o. 

 Suffruticose, rather shrubby. 

 Sulcate, furrowed, like the stems of many 



Umbelliferous plants. 

 Superior, above anything ; a calyx is superior 

 when its tube is wholly attached to the 

 ovary; half superior when attached only 

 to the lower half of it ; an ovary is superior 

 when wholly free from and above the 

 calyx. 



