GLOSSARY 



13 



Pentangular, with five angles and five flat 

 or concave faces. 



Perennial, of three or more years' duration, 

 and flowering and fruiting each year. 



Perfoliate, when the 

 leaf completely sur- 

 rounds the stem so 

 that the latter seems 

 to pass through it, as 

 shown in fig. 82. 



Perianth, the floral 

 whorls when the calyx 

 and corolla are not 

 distinguishable, as in 

 Tulips, Lilies, Or- 

 chids, Irises, Snow- 

 drops &c., and many plants belonging to 

 the Monocotyledons (p. 127). 



Pericarp, seed-vessel, including adhering 

 calyx if present. 



Perigynous, growing upon the throat of the 

 calyx around or above the ovary, as shown 

 in fig. 83. 



Perisperm, another name for the albumen 

 of the seed (see p. 25). 



•PBRli-OLIATE. 



riG. 83.— PEEIGYNOUS. FIG. 84.— PEKSONATE. 



Persistent, not soon falling off, as the leaves 



of evergreens. 

 Personate, a gamopetalous two-lipped 



corolla of which the lower lip is pressed 



upwards so as to close the opening, as in 



the Snapdragon (fig. 84). At^ the ' palate ' 



is represented. 

 Petals, the divisions of the corolla. 

 Petal-like, resembling petals in texture and 



colour as in Clematis, Hellebores, Marsh 



Marigold &c., in which the sepals have 



assumed the functions and appearance of 



petals. 

 Petiolate, having a petiole or leafstalk. 

 Petiole, the stalk of a leaf as shown at p in 



figs. 64 and 98 ; Petiolule, the stalk of a 



leaflet. 

 Phaenogamous, Phanerogamous, having 



manifest flowers (p. 121). 

 Phylloclades, branches assuming the form 



and functions of leaves (see Cladodes). 

 Phyllum, in composition, a leaf. 

 Pileus, the ' cap ' of a Mushroom and other 



Fungi. 

 Pilose, with scattered rather stiff hairs. 

 Pinnae, the segments of a pinnate leaf 



(fig. 85). 



PIG. 85, — PINNATE. 



Pinnate, when leaflets are arranged on 



opposite sides of a common stalk (fig. 83). 

 Pinnatifid, a leaf deeply 



cut into segments 



nearly to the midrib 



(fig. 18). 

 Pinnatipartite, pm- 



nate,with the divisions 



acute, and almost free, 



as in the leaves of the 



Corn Poppy. 

 Pinnatisect, pinnate, 



with the divisions 



reaching nearly to the 



midrib, as in the leaves of Water Cress. 

 Pinnules, the segments of pinnate leaves 



and fronds. 

 Pistil, the ovary, style, and stigma taken to- 

 gether. In fig. 55 ov represents the ovary, 



st the style, and sUg the stigma. In tig. 



109 the style — or portion between the 



ovary and stigma— is absent or very short. 

 Pith, the cellular tissue in the centre of 



Dicotyledonous stems. 

 Pitted, covered with small depressed spots. 

 Placenta, the process or body which bears 



the ovules in the ovary (fig. 86). 



FIG. 86, — PLACENTAS. 



PIG. 87, — PLAITED, 



Plaited, Plicate, folded in the manner of a 

 closed fan, like many leaves before they 

 are unfolded (fig. 87). 



Plumose, feathery. 



Plumule, the first or embryonic bud repre- 

 sented in fig. 48 at p. 



Pod, a 1-celled and 2-valved seed-vessel with 

 the seeds arranged along the inner angle. 

 See Legume (fig. 69). 



Pollen, the dust in the anther which serves 

 to fertilise the ovules (fig. 9, p). 



Pollination, the application of the poUen to 

 the stigma, as described at p. 24. 



PoUinium, the waxy pollen mass in Orchids 

 (see fig. 32, p). 



Polycarpic, fruiting more than once, several 

 times (see p, 22), 



Polygamous, a term applied to those plants 

 having male, female, and hermaphrodite 

 fiowers intermixed on the same individual. 



Polygonal, with many angles. 



Polypetalous, with free, distinct, and separate 

 petals, as in Buttercups, Eoses, and most of 

 the plants described from p. 131 to p. 477. 



