CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS 127 



(c) Ovary usually monocarpous. Trees or shrubs, very rarely 

 herbs. Flowers often hermaphrodite. Stamens perigynous. 



Natural Orders with these Characters. — Laubinb^ (p. 774), 



PeOTBACB^ (p. 776), THYMELiEACE^ (p. 777), EL.S)AGNACBi9E (p. 779). 



(d) Trees or shrubs, sometimes herbs. Flovs^ers usually strictly 

 unisexual. Perianth calyx-like, minute or none. Ovary syncarpous 

 or monocarpous. 



Natural Orders with these Characters. — Loranthace^ (p. 781), 



EtJPHOBBIACE^ (p. 782), UETICACBiE (p. 785), PLATANACBiE (p. 789), 

 JU GLANCED (p. 790), MYRICAGE.E (p. 792), CUPULIFBK^ (p. 793), 



SALiciNEiE (p. 802), Empeteacb^ (p. 804). 



Sub-Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONS (p. 805 to p. 972). 



The plants belonging to this class have stems without bark, pith, or 

 concentric rings, and do not increase in diameter by annual layers 

 of wood. Leaves usually with parallel veins, but net-veined in 

 AROiDE.aE (p. 953) and SMiLACiNEiB (p. 808). Flowers with the parts 

 mostly in threes or fours, never in fives. Embryo with a single seed- 

 leaf (cotyledon). First-formed leaves alternate ; radicle not branching, 

 but throvping out adventitious roots. 



Division I. PETALOIDEM{^. 805 to p. 952). 



Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Perianth rarely absent, 

 usually in two series ; the inner series or corolla usually petal-like ; 

 the outer series or calyx often also petal-lil^e. 



Series 1. — Hypogynae. — Ovary superior, carpels more or less free 

 and distinct from each other, or completely united. 



Natural Orders with these Characters. — Naiadace^ (p. 805), 



AlISMACB^ (p. 805), COMMBLINACE^ (p. 807) LlLIACB^ (p. 808), 

 JUNCACE^ (p. 882), PoNTBDERIACBiE (p. 882). 



Series 2. — EpiGYNiE. — Ovary inferior. Flowers regular, irregular, 

 or zygomorphic. Stamens in threes or sixes, sometimes reduced to 

 one only, and sometimes in waxy pollen masses. 



Natural Orders with these Characters. — HYDRocHAEiDEyE (p. 883), 



DlOSCORBAGE^ (p. 884), SCITAMINB^ (p. 884), H^MODOEACE^ (p. 889), 



Orchide^ (p. 890), Amaryllide^ (p. 893), Iride^ (p. 916). 



Division II. SPADICIFLOBM (p. 952 to p. 956). 



Flowers small, usually on a spadix, sometimes solitary, frequently 

 unisexual, but sometimes dioecious. Perianth often ^ wanting, never 

 petal-like. 



