FUMAEIA 



WALLFLOWEB OBDEB 



MATTHIOLA 201 



increased by seeds or division of the 

 roots in the same way as CorydaKs (see 

 above). Cuttings of the shoots may also 

 be made to root under handlights or cold 

 frames during the summer months if 

 inserted in Ught sandy soil, and kept 

 shaded and fairly damp at first. 



FUMARIA (Fumitoey). — A genus of 

 about 40 species of annual (rarely peren- 

 nial) herbs usually branched, often climbing. 

 Leaves much divided, with very narrow 

 segments. Eacemes terminal or opposite 

 the leaves. Sepals 2, scale-like. Petals 4, 

 erect, conniving, the lower one gibbous or 

 spurred at the base, the upper flat, the 



two inner ones narrow, cohering at the 

 tip, winged or keeled behind. Stamens 6, 

 in 2 bundles opposite the 2 outer petals. 



F. capreolata. — This is the only species 

 worth growing. It is indigenous to the 

 fields and waste places of Britain, Europe, 

 and Asia, and may be grown in the wild 

 gardens or border. It grows about 4 ft. 

 high and has bipinnate glaucous leaves 

 climbing by twisted stalks, and racemes of 

 white, purple-tinted flowers from May to 

 September. There are several forms. 



Culture dc. as recommended above 

 for Corydalis. Seeds may be sown in 

 autumn or spring. 



XL CRUCIFERiE- Wallflower Order 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely undershrubs. Elowers 

 hermaphrodite, regular, usually yellow or white, occasionally purple, generally 

 in racemes, and without bracts. Sepals 4, deciduous, imbricate or valvate 

 in bud, the 2 lateral ones often saccate at the base. Petals 4, placed 

 crosswise, and alternate with the sepals. Stamens 6 (tetradynamous), of 

 which 2 are shorter and opposite the lateral sepals, hypogynous. Disk with 

 various green glands opposite the sepals, and between the petals, stamens, 

 and ovary. Ovary superior, one-celled, but apparently two-celled, owing to 

 the parietal placenta meeting in the middle, and forming a spurious dissepi- 

 ment. Fruit a long (siliqua) or short (silicula) 2-celled and 2-valved capsule 

 or pod, opening by two valves, leaving the seeds on the persistent placentas 

 (known as a replum, well seen in Honesty), or indehiscent. 



MATTHIOLA (Stock).— An impor- 

 tant genus of about 30 species of branching 

 annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, or 

 sub-shrubs, with oblong or linear, entire 

 or sinuate downy leaves. Flowers in 

 racemes, often purple, generally sweet- 

 scented. Sepals erect, the lateral • ones 

 saccate at the base. Petals with long 

 claws. Fruit-pod a roundish or com- 

 pressed siliqua, with the lobes of the 

 stigma coimivent, thickened or horned at 

 the back. The various garden Stocks, such 

 as Ten Week, Intermediate, Brompton, or 

 Queen Stocks &c., will be considered under 

 the natural species from which they have 

 been derived. 



The plant known as ' Virginian Stock ' 

 is described under MalcoVmia maritima 

 (see p. 214). 



M. annua. — The Ten Week and Inter- 

 mediate Stocks have arisen from this spe- 

 cies. It is an annual 1-2 ft. high, native 

 of S. Europe, with erect, branching stems. 



furnished with lance-shaped, blunt hoary 

 leaves. The flowers appear from May to 

 October on erect racemes, and vary a 

 good deal in size and colour. 



Ten Week Stocks 



There are many kinds of Ten Week 

 Stock mentioned in catalogues, and they 

 are all more or less worth growing. For 

 cut flowers, Ten Week Stocks are most 

 useful from early summer to autumn, and 

 cutting the main flower spikes often 

 induces the development of the side 

 shoots, which would otherwise remain 

 latent. 



Culture and Propagation. ■ — During 

 March the seed may be sown thinly 

 in shallow pans or boxes placed on a 

 gentle hotbed. In a short time the seed- 

 lings will be sufficiently large to handle 

 easily. They may then be pricked out 

 into similar pans or boxes, filled with 

 rich loamy soil and well drained. Give 



