VIOLA 



VIOLA AND PANSY ORDER 



VIOLA 229 



less, the side ones veined with lilac ; spur 

 short. 



Culture (to. as above. 



V. calcarata. — A very variable fibrous- 

 rooted species, native of the Austrian 

 Mountains. Leaves roundish or spoon- 

 shaped, orenate, stipules pahnately cut or 

 trifld. Flowers in early summer, light 

 blue or white ; sepals oblong, glandularly 

 toothed ; spur awl-shaped, longer than the 

 calyx. The variety fiana or ZoysH has 

 yellow flowers ; alhiflora has large white 

 flowers, and Halleri large blue ones. 



Culture (tc. as above for V. hiflora. 



V. canadensis. — A free-growing N. 

 American species 6-9 in. high, with 

 alternate broadly heart-shaped, pointed, 

 serrate leaves. Flowers from May to 

 August, whitish inside, the upper petals 

 mostly tinged with violet beneath, the 

 side ones bearded ; spur very short. 



Culture dc. as above. A very suitable 

 plant for sloping banks or the rockery. 

 Easily increased by dividing the roots in 

 spring or early autumn ; also by seeds 

 and cuttings. 



V. canina {Dog Violet). — A very vari- 

 able species, native of British pastures and 

 banks. Leaves 1-3 in. across, long-stalked, 

 crenate serrate, varying from broadly 

 ovate heart-shaped to lanceolate. Flowers 

 ^-Ij in. across, from April to August, 

 blue, lilac, grey, or white ; sepals narrow 

 pointed ; spur blunt ; style club-shaped, 

 hooked. The variety lactea is a very 

 slender plant with ovate lance-shaped 

 leaves, rounded or wedge-shaped at the 

 base, and with narrow grey petals. 

 PersiccefoUa has long rootstocks with 

 runners, leaves oblong lance-shaped, and 

 white or lUac flowers with a very short 

 spur. The variety alha, as the name 

 indicates, has white flowers. 



Culture Ac. as above. 



V. capillaris. — A Chilian species with 

 many tufled, decumbent stems. Leaves 

 ovate-oblong, blunt at the base, slightly 

 acute at the apex, with glandular teeth 

 on the margins. Flowers from May to 

 August, pale blue, side petals densely 

 bearded, spur short, blunt, greenish. 



Culture dc. as above. 



V. cornuta. — A tufted, fibrous-rooted, 

 ornamental species, native of the Pyrenees 

 and Switzerland. Leaves heart-shaped, 

 ovate, crenate, ciliated, with obliquely 

 heart-shaped, toothed, ciUated stipules. 

 Flowers from May to July, pale blue ; 



sepals and spur awl-shaped, the latter 

 elongated and abrupt at the base. The 

 variety alha has white flowers which look 

 pretty nestling among the masses of deep 

 green leaves. 



Culture do. as above. This species 

 and its variety look pretty in masses in 

 shaded parts of the rookery, or on banks 

 or slopes, and although the flowers are 

 odourless they are effective. Best in- 

 creased by sowing seeds annually. 



V. cucuUata. — A very variable free 

 flowering species with very scaly root- 

 stocks, native of N. America. Leaves 

 long-stalked, erect, more or less kidney- or 

 heart-shaped, with a broad sinus, smooth 

 or slightly downy, bluntly serrated. 

 Flowers in early sunamer on scapes 3-10 

 in. high, deep or pale violet-blue or purple, 

 sometimes almost white or variegated 

 with white as in the variety called va/rie- 

 gata ; the side petals and often the 

 lower ones bearded ; spur short, thick. 

 The variety paVmata has leaves 8-7- 

 parted or cleft, or the earlier ones entire 

 on the same plant. 



Culture do. as above. Increased readily 

 by dividing the roots early in autumn or 

 in spring. 



V. declinata.— A pretty Transylvanian 

 Viola about 6 in. high with ovate and 

 bluntly toothed leaves, and large flowers 

 of a rich bright purple,, with deeper mark- 

 ings near the yeUow centre. 



Culture do. as above. 



V. delphinifolia. — An interesting spe- 

 cies, native of the Missourian prafries. 

 Leaves pedately 7-9-parted, with narrow 

 2-3-cleft segments, reminding one of 

 Larkspur foliage; stipules ovate lance- 

 shaped, nearly entfre. Flowers in spring, 

 beautiful sky-blue, the 2 upper petals 

 downy, the lower ones notched at the 

 end ; spur pouched, short. 



Cultu/re do. as above. 



V. hederacea {Erpetion hederaceum ; 

 E. rerdforme). — A tufted Australian 

 species, with roundish, kidney-shaped or 

 spoon-shaped leaves, J to 1 in. broad, 

 entire or toothed. Flowers in summer, 

 blue, rarely white, small ; petals smooth, 

 or the side ones slightly downy inside ; 

 spur reduced to a shght concavity. The 

 variety gra/ncbiflora is an improved form. 



Culture dc. as above. This pretty 

 species requires protection in winter. It 

 should be propagated by cuttings in 

 autumn, kept under glass in winter, and 



