SCOLYMUS 



DAISY ORDER 



HIEEACIUM 553 



species described below grow in ordinary- 

 soil, and may be increased by seeds sown 

 in April and May where the plants are to 

 grow. The perennial kind may be also 

 increased from seeds and by dividing the 

 roots in early autumn. 



S. grandiflorus. — A hairy-stemmed 

 perennial about 3 ft. high, native of the 

 Mediterranean regions, with winged, 

 decurrent and slightly hairy leaves. 

 Flowers in May, yellow. 



Culture Ac. as above. Increased by 

 seeds and division. 



S. hispanicus (Golden Thistle; Spa- 

 nish Oyster Plcmt). — A biennial about 

 3 ft. high, native of S.W. Europe. Leaves 

 decurreat, smoothish, winged. Flowers 

 in August, yellow, sometimes used to 

 adulterate Saffron. 



Culture dc. as above. Increased by 

 seeds. 



S. maculatus. — A S. European annual 

 about 3 ft. high, with smooth stems and 

 winged, decurrent, often white spotted 

 leaves. Flower-heads yellow, in somewhat 

 corymbose clusters. 



Culture <tc. as above. Increased by 

 seeds. 



CATANANCHE.— A genus with 5 

 species of rather downy or smooth annual 

 or perennial herbs, with radical, clustered, 

 linear entire or slightly toothed leaves. 

 Flower - heads on long stalks, homo- 

 gamous. Involucre oblong- conical or 

 roundish. Disc flat with long bristles. 

 Pappus with 5-7 bristly lacerate-toothed 

 scales. 



C. caerulea. — A beautiful S. European 

 perennial 2-3 ft. high, with hoary narrow 

 lance-shaped leaves, having one or two 

 small teeth on each side. Flowers in 

 July and August, light blue. The variety 

 alba or bicolor has white flowers marked 

 with blue or rose, at the base of the strap- 

 shaped florets. C. lutea grows about 1 ft. 

 high, and produces yellow flowers in 

 June. 



Culture amd Propagation. — Cata- 

 nanches are good border plants and grow 

 in any fairly good well-drained garden 

 soil. They disKke wet places. Although 

 really perennials, the plants are usually 

 treated as annuals. Seeds are sown in 

 gentle heat in March or outside in April, 

 the plants eventually being 18 in. apart. 

 The flowers are useful for cutting. For 

 the general treatment of annuals see p. 78. 



CREPIS (Hawk's Beaed). — A genus 

 with about 130 species of smooth or hairy 

 annual or perennial herbs, with radical or 

 alternate leaves, and soUtary or variously 

 paniculate homogamous flower - heads. 

 Involucre cylindrical or beU-shaped. Disc 

 flat or rarely concave, naked or slightly 

 bristly. Achenes cyHndrical, striped. 

 Pappus with silky white or brown hairs. 



Culture and Propagation. — Very few 

 species of this genus are worth growing. 

 Those mentioned thrive in ordinary sandy 

 soil, with a little lime or brick rubble 

 added. They may be raised from seed 

 sown in spring or autumn in the open 

 air every year in the same way as annuals 

 in general. See p. 78. 



C. aurea. — A native of S. Europe 4-12 

 in. high, with oblong spoon-shaped Dan- 

 delion-Kke leaves. Flowers in autumn, 

 orange, the involucres and stalks covered 

 with long black hairs. 



Culture do. as above. 



C. barbata (Tolphis ba/rbata). — Yellow 

 EoMilc's Bea/rd. — A S. European species, 

 rather straggling in habit, 9-18 in. high, 

 with lance-shaped, toothed leaves, and 

 yellow flower-heads, with a purple centre, 

 from June to September. There is a 

 dwarf compact form, better than the type, 

 with deeper yellow flowers. 



Culture dc. as above. 



C. rubra (BarJchausia rubra). — A S. 

 European annual 6-12 in. high, with 

 rosettes of pinnately cut toothed leaves. 

 Flowers in autumn, red, soHtary. The 

 variety alba has blush-white flowers. 



Culture So. as above. 



HIERACIUM (Hawkwbbd).— Alarge 

 genus (150 species) of little garden value, 

 closely related to Crepis. Leaves entire 

 or toothed. Flower-heads homogamous, 

 solitary, on long stalks or in loose panicles 

 or corymbs. 



Culture and Propagation. — The 

 Hawkweeds thrive with treatment similar 

 to Crepis, and may be used in the border 

 or rock garden, or for edges, in partially 

 shaded situations. The plants may be 

 increased by dividing the tufts in early 

 autumn or spring, or by seeds sown as 

 soon as ripe in cold frames, or in the 

 open ground in April and May. 



H. aurantiacum. — A native of W. 

 Europe 1-1^ ft. high, with entire elliptic 

 acute leaves. Flowers in summer. 



