CAEPINUS 



OAK, BEECH, AND BIBGH OBDEB coeylus 797 



such as gla/uca, Jm/rsuta, mciaa, pendmla 

 &c. 



Culture Sc. as above. 



A. viridis (Green Alder). — A native of 

 the N. Hemisphere but not of Britain, 

 with roundish or shghtly heart-shaped 

 sharply serrate-toothed leaves, clammy 

 and smooth or softly downy beneath. 

 Flowers in spring ; female catkms ovoid, 

 clustered on slender stalks. 



Culture Sc. as above. 



CARPINUS (Hornbeam).— A genus 

 containing 9 species of deciduous trees, 

 rarely shrubs, with altemarte stalked 

 leaves, often doubly serrate, with close 

 and parallel rather plaited veins. Flowers 

 monoecious ; male catkins sessile cylin- 

 drical ; perianth none ; stamens 3 or more 

 in the axils of the ovate acute bracts. 

 Female flowers in terminal drooping 

 bracteate catkins, 2 at the base of each 

 deciduous bract. Nut sessile at the base 

 of the bracteoles or half enclosed, ovoid or 

 roundish, strongly nerved. 



Culture and Propagation. — Horn- 

 beams are raised from seed in the same 

 way as the Alders, but the seeds sprout 

 very irregularly, some taking quite a year 

 before appearing above ground. When 

 about 2 years old, having been trans- 

 planted from the seed-beds the year pre- 

 vious, the young Hornbeams may be used 

 for hedges, for which they are particularly 

 well adapted as they stand clipping well. 

 From an ornamental point of view there 

 is not much to be said about the Horn- 

 beam, but as it is found in many parts of 

 the country it deserves mention here. 



C. americana {Amerioa/n Hornbea/m). 

 A North American tree 10-50 ft. high, 

 with ovate oblong pointed sharply and 

 doubly serrate leaves becoming smooth 

 with age. This tree is also known as 

 G. caroUmana. 



Culture Sc. as above. 



C. Betulus {Common Hornbeam). — A 

 British tree 30-70 ft. high with elliptic 

 ovate acute, doubly serrate leaves 2-8 in. 

 long, hairy beneath. Flowers in May, 

 yellowish, producing ripe brown nuts late 

 in autumn. 



There are several forms of the Common 

 Hornbeam, the best known being aureo- 

 variegata, leaves variegated with gold ; 

 incisa, leaves incised ; quercifolia, Oak- 



leaved ; and variegata, variegated with 

 white. 



Culture Sc. as above. 



OSTRYA (Hop Hoenbbam). — A 

 genus containing only two species of 

 deciduous trees, very much resembling 

 Carpvnua in fohage. Flowers monoecious ; 

 female ones in terminal drooping catkins, 

 each enclosed in an inflated membranous 

 involucre which enlarges and closes over 

 the fruit. 



Culture and Propagation. — The Hop 

 Hornbeams thrive in ordinary soU, but 

 rarely ripen seeds in the British Islands. 

 They can therefore only be increased from 

 imported seeds, but they may also be 

 grafted on stocks of the Common Horn- 

 beam (Carpvnus). 



O. carpinifolia (O. vulgaris) . — Common 

 Hop Hornbeam. — A much-branched 

 round - headed tree, 30 - 60 ft. high, 

 native of S. Europe, and having heart- 

 shaped ovate acute leaves resembling 

 those of the Common Hornbeam. 

 Flowers in May, greenish- white, the 

 drooping female catkins somewhat re- 

 sembhng the ' heads ' of Hops. 



Culture So. as above. 



O. virginica {Iron - wood; Lever- 

 wood). — A native of the Eastern United 

 States, 15-40 ft. high, with ovate oblong 

 taper-pointed leaves, and Hop-hke heads 

 of greenish-white flowers in May. 



Culture Sc. as above. 



CORYLUS (Hazel; Cob-nut).— A 

 genus containing about 7 species of de- 

 ciduous trees or shrubs with alternate 

 feather-veined, doubly serrate leaves, 

 plaited in bud. Flowers monoecious ; 

 male ones without a perianth, in droop- 

 ing clustered catkins. Stamens 4-8. 

 Female flowers minute, sessile in pairs 

 in the upper bracts of a small head. 

 Fruit by abortion l-ceUed, 1-seeded, 

 woody, more or less enclosed in the leafy 

 involucre, consisting of the much enlarged 

 more or less cut bract and bracteoles. 



Culture and Propagation. — The 

 Hazels are not only valuable as nut-bear- 

 ing trees, but also as ornamental trees 

 and shrubs with graceful habit and beau- 

 tiful foliage. The best known species are 

 briefly described below, but the cultiva- 

 tion and propagation are dealt with in 

 detail in the fruit section of this work 

 (see p. 1099). It may, however, be stated 



