980 



PB ACTIO AL GUIDE TO GARDEN PLANTS junipbrus 



across and usually produced in pairs. 

 There are a few forms of this species, 

 such as horizontalis, expansa, orientalis, 

 and thuycefolia. A slender cone-liie 

 specimen more than 50 years old and 

 over 40 ft. high ia in the gardens of 

 Sir J. M. Stirling-Maxwell, Bart., Keir, 

 Perthshire. 



Culture dc. as above. 



C. thyoides {Chamcecyparis sphcer- 

 oidea ; Betinospora ericoides). — A beauti- 

 ful, valuable and quick-growing Cypress, 

 native of the United States, where it is 

 known in parts as the White Cedar, and 

 attains a height of 80-90 ft. It has a 

 slender tapering trunk and branchlets 

 covered with very small, closely imbricated 

 light green leaves furnished with a small 

 tubercle about the centre. Cones small, 

 roundish, about the size of peas, each 

 scale having 2 seeds. The variety 

 glauca (or Ttewensis) differs from the 

 type in being more compact, denser, and 

 of a silvery glaucous hue. The variety 

 variegata is a dwarfer growing plant 

 having the upper portions of the branch- 

 lets and foliage of a rich golden-yellow. 

 Betinospora leptoclada is probably only 

 a form of this species. There is a fine 

 ornamental tree of C. thyoides at Murthly 

 Castle, Perthshire, under 50 years of age 

 and about 50 ft. high. 



Culture dc. as above. Damp or moist 

 situations suit it and its varieties well. 



C. torulosa (C. cashmeriensis ; C. 

 nepalensis). — A beautiful much-branched 

 Conifer, native of the western Himalayas, 

 where it grows 50-70 ft. high, having a 

 graceful pyramidal habit, and short 

 slender twisted branchlets, covered with 

 minute glaucous leaves in 4 rows, closely 

 appressed to the stems. There are two 

 varieties known — corneyana, and ma- 

 jestica— the former with slender drooping 

 branchlets but rather too tender for the 

 colder parts of the kingdom. 



Culture do. as above. 



JUNIPERUS (Juniper).— A genus 

 containing about 27 species of trees or 

 shrubs, often with two kinds of leaves and 

 monoecious or dioecious flowers. Leaves 

 needle-shaped linear or lanceolate, rigid 

 or flexible or scale-like, scattered or im- 

 bricated, not clustered. Male flowers 

 solitary or in crowded catkins. Cones 

 small roundish, berry-lilte, conaposed of 

 3-6 decussate or whorled, confluent fleshy 



scales in which the erect seeds are em- 

 bedded. Fruit berry-like, ripening the 

 second year. Embryo with two blunt 

 leafy cotyledons. 



Culture and Propagation. — The Juni- 

 pers are mostly ornamental trees or 

 shrubs, some of which are suitable for the 

 lawn and some for the rock garden or 

 for making screens, according to habit. 

 They succeed in a rather heavy loamy 

 soil, and may be considered hardy in 

 most parts of the British Islands. They 

 are increased easily from seeds, but the 

 latter often take a year or so to germinate. 

 The process may be hastened somewhat by 

 removing the pulp by soaking the berries 

 in water, and mixing with sand for a 

 few days. Cuttings of the green shoots 

 will root under glass in fine sandy soil 

 in early summer, and of the ripened shoots 

 in autumn under handlights or cold 

 frames. Some varieties root more readily 

 than others. Old plants may also be 

 layered, and choice varieties may be 

 veneer grafted on the stocks of the 

 Common Juniper, under glass in winter. 



The following is a list of the most 

 ornamental Junipers for cultivation in 

 the open air in our climate : — 



J. chinensis {J. japonica ; J. flagelli- 

 formis; J. reevesiana). — A beautiful dioe- 

 cious shrub native of China, Japan, the 

 Himalayas &o. It has a pyramidal habit 

 with short branches and two kinds of 

 leaves, the male and female plants being 

 distinct from each other. The small 

 scaly linear leaves are opposite or in 

 whorls of three. The male plant is more 

 ornamental than the female and has 

 somewhat drooping branches with deep 

 green foliage, often with a glaucous hue. 

 The female plant bears brownish-violet 

 berries. There is a specimen of the 

 Chinese Juniper m Murthly Castle gar- 

 dens, Perthshire, over 40 years of age, 

 and now, perhaps, more than 30 ft. high. 



There are several varieties known, the 

 chief being albo-variegata, a urea, densata, 

 japonica — a dwarf bush about 2 ft. high, 

 suitable for rockeries ; also its sub- variety 

 aurea ; glauca, and leeana, the latter a 

 vigorous shrub with leaves | in. long. 



Culture dc. as above. 



J. communis {Common Juniper). — A 

 native of the temperate parts of the N. 

 hemisphere, including the British Isles, 

 forming an ornamental bush 3-20 ft. high, 

 according to its northern or southern 



