CBDEUS 



GONIFSBS 



CEDEUS 995 



Weymouth on his Longleat estate in 

 Wiltshire. There are many fine speci- 

 mens in the kingdom, among which may 

 be mentioned those on the Logie Almond 

 estate, Scone, Perthshire, some of which 

 are over 90 ft. high. 



Culture Sc. as above, p. 990. 



P. sylvestris {SeoU Fir). — ^A beautiful 

 and picturesque native Pine, 50-100 ft. 

 high, with rough rusty -red bark and dense 

 heads of glaucous green leaves Ij-S in. 

 long. Cones 1-2 in. long, 1-3 together, 

 tapering towards the top, having raised 

 and ridged scales with a square or tri- 

 quetrous outline and a small shield with a 

 deciduous point. There are many more 

 or less distinct varieties of the Scots Fir, 

 among which may be mentioned argentea, 

 with cones and leaves of a silvery hue, 

 and fasUgiata, with an erect Lombardy 

 Poplar habit. Other forms are oAirea, 

 globosa, nana, pumila and variegata. 



Culture dc. as above. The Scots Fir 

 as a rule grows best in peat and loam ; 

 and there are few more picturesque sights 

 on the landscape than a group with 

 tall naked trunks and spreading heads, 

 especially when the bark is played upon 

 with bright sunshine and deep shadow. 



CEDRUS (Cedar Tkee). — A genus 

 of tall, elegant, evergreen trees, with stiff 

 needle-shaped leaves, scattered or in tufts. 

 Flowers monoecious, the male catkins 

 solitary, cylindrical, and terminal, the 

 female somewhat oval and blunt, solitary, 

 very rarely 2 together, erect. Cones 

 ovoid, blunt at the ends, quite smooth, 

 erect, with overlapping, more or less 

 deciduous scales, each having 2 seeds 

 with large membranous wings. Seed 

 leaves 8-9. 



Culture and Propagation. — The 

 Cedars are well-known ornamental trees 

 that flourish in ordinary good soil, pre- 

 ferring a rich loam or sandy clay. In 

 parks, pleasure grounds, and large gardens 

 they have a pleasing and picturesque 

 effect, large trees of the Lebanon Cedar 

 looking particularly majestic. The kinds 

 described below, although qmte distinct 

 enough for garden purposes, have doubt- 

 less been obtained from the same common 

 stock, and there are numerous connecting 

 forms which may be placed with either of 

 the three types. 



The Cedars are propagated by means 

 of the seeds, which are with difiiculty 

 extracted from the cones. The latter do 



not fall from the trees, and may persist 

 for several years ; nor do their scales 

 open spontaneously. When seeds are 

 required, the cones, which are always on 

 the upper sides of the branches, must be 

 picked. The seeds are best sown as soon 

 as they are extracted from the cones, in 

 April, in shallow pans or boxes, in rich 

 sandy soil. Many of the choicer varieties 

 may be veneer-grafled on stocks of their 

 common form. 



C. atlantica (C. africama; Abies at- 

 lantica). — Atlas Cedar. — A noble Conifer, 

 native of the Atlas and other mountains 

 in N. Africa, where it grows 80-100 ft. 

 high, having a tabular or flatfish head 

 when old, but somewhat pyramidal and 

 open when young. The leaves are shorter 

 than those of the Cedar of Lebanon, and 

 usually of a glaucous green or greyish 

 silvery hue. The cones are similar to 

 those of the Cedar of Lebanon, but are 

 not produced until the tree attains a good 

 age. There are many forms of the Atlas 

 Cedar, those best known being aurea, 

 cinerescens, glauca, cohimmaris, fasti- 

 giata, pendula, pyramidaUs, and varie- 

 gata — names which explain the charac- 

 teristics of the variety they represent. At 

 Mulgrave Castle, Yorkshire, the seat of 

 the Marquis of Normanby, there is a very 

 fine specimen, of uncertain age, about 

 70 ft. high. 



Culture dc. as above. 



C. Deodara (0. inddca; Abies Deo- 

 dar a ; Larix Deodara ; Pinus Deodara). 

 The Deodar or Indiam Cedar. — A beauti- 

 ful tree native of the western Himalayas, 

 where it forms immense forests at eleva- 

 tions from 6500 to 13,000 ft., the finest 

 trees, 150-200 ft. high, Ijeing always found 

 on the northern side of barren mountains 

 in thin poor soil formed from the decom- 

 position of granite, gneiss, mica, or clay- 

 slate. When young, the Deodar is easily 

 recognised by its pyramidal habit and 

 drooping feathery branches thickly clothed 

 with glaucous-green linear 3-sided leaves, 

 growing in bundles on the old wood, but 

 scattered on the young shoots. There are 

 several forms of this elegant and graceful 

 tree, such as a/rgentea, aurea, compacta, 

 crassifoUa, HiigeK, robusta, uncinata, 

 variegata, verticillata, and viridis. The 

 Deodar was not introduced to Britain until 

 1831, and its first cones, which are 4-5 in. 

 long, were produced in 1858, at Bicton, 

 Devonshire, the seat of the Hon. Mark 



3s2 



