TSUGA 



CONIFEBS 



TSUGA 999 



seat of the Marquis of Waterford, is pro- 

 bably the finest. It is a grand tree, 65 

 years old, and is close on 120 ft. high. 

 Other specimens worthy of mention are 

 to be found at Penrhyn Castle, Carnarvon ; 

 Boconnoc and Carolew, Cornwall ; Howiok 

 Hall, Northumberland ; Haddo House, 

 Aberdeen ; Cullen House, Banff; Bhos- 

 dhu, Dumbartonshire ; Kinnettles, For- 

 farshire ; Dolphinton, Lanarkshire ; Mor- 

 ton Hall and Oxenford Castle, Midlothian ; 

 Brodie Castle, Morayshire ; Abercairnie, 

 Castle Menzies, Cidtoquhey, Keir House, 

 Murthly Castle, Ochtertyre, Eossie Priory, 

 Scone, The Cairnies, and Castle Leod in 

 Perthshire ; Buchanan Castle, in Stirling- 

 shire ; Shane's Castle, Antrim ; Fota Is- 

 land, Cork ; Woodstock, KUkenny ; Abbey 

 Leix, Queen's County ; Markree Castle, 

 Sligo ; and CooUattin, Wioklow. Among 

 which the shortest specimen is over 60 ft., 

 and the tallest — that at Castle Menzies, 

 Perth — about 100 ft. At most of these 

 places it is known better as Abies Menziesi 

 than as Picea sitehensis — the name under 

 which it should now go. 



Culture dc. as above, p. 996. 



TSUGA (Hemlock Spktjce). — A 

 genus of evergreen trees having the ulti- 

 mate branches slender and often drooping, 

 and stalked, usually spreading more or 

 less 2-ranked leaves arising from promi- 

 nent cushions. Flowers monoecious ; male 

 flowers lateral, with stamens on stalked 

 heads. Female catkins sohtary, termiual, 

 rounded. Cones drooping. Scales per- 

 sistent, more or less woody. Seeds very 

 small with obovate wings. Seed leaves 

 3-6. 



Culture and Propagation. — The 

 Tsugas may be increased and grown in 

 the same way as the Pines and Piceas. 

 Seeds may be sown when ripe in light 

 sandy loam in cold frames, and when the 

 seedlings are 2 or 3 years old they may 

 be planted out in warm sheltered spots. 

 Large plants have a very ornamental 

 appearance, and, like most members of 

 the Pine family, look better as isolated 

 specimens than when mixed up with 

 other trees in shrubberies. 



T. brunoniana (Abies and Pinus bru- 

 noniana; A. and P. chimosa). — Fragrant 

 Fir. — A native of the Eastern and Central 

 Himalayas, where it forms a fine tree 

 70-80 feet high, with numerous slender 

 drooping brittle branches. Leaves more 

 or less in two rows, or scattered, flat, 



hnear, blunt or slightly pointed, glossy 

 green above, powdery white beneath. 

 Cones solitary, sessUe, about 1 in. long, at 

 the ends of the branches. 

 Culture dc. as above. 



T. canadensis (Abies, Picea, and 

 Pinus canadensis ; Abies curvifoUa). — 

 Hemlock Spruce. — A native of N.E. 

 America, where it forms a tree 70-110 ft. 

 high, with a trunk 3-4 ft. in diameter. 

 It is found growing on dry rocky ridges, 

 generally facing north, or less commonly 

 on the borders of swamps in deep rich 

 soU. It is readily recognised by its many 

 long ascending feathery branches, divided 

 into small twigs, each clothed with dark 

 green flat leaves in 2 rows (more or 

 less), and having 2 silvery stripes be- 

 neath. The small ovoid cones, about 1 in. 

 long, droop from the tips of the branches. 

 There are many varieties of the Hemlock 

 Spruce having more or less descriptive 

 names, such as albo-spica, cmirea, com- 

 pacta, col/umnaris, globosa, graciUs, fas- 

 tigiata, macrophylla, microphylla, noma, 

 parvifolia, pendula, sparsifolia dc. 



One of the finest trees of the Hemlock 

 Spruce in the kingdom is the grand old 

 specimen at Studley Eoyal, Kipon, which 

 is over 60 ft. high. A moist, deep, rich 

 and light soU and situations sheltered 

 from bleak blasts suit the Hemlock Spruce 

 best. It is always handsome standing 

 alone, so that it can folly develop and 

 display its graceful form. 



Culture dc. as above. 



T. caroliniana. — A compact pyramidal 

 tree 40-50 ft. high in a wild state on the 

 dry rocky ridges of the mountains of 

 CaroHna at an elevation between 4000 and 

 5000 ft. It produces flattened sprays of 

 branches and twigs covered with flattish 

 linear leaves and drooping cones at the 

 tips of the branches. This species is 

 closely related to the Hemlock Spruce, 

 from which it may be distinguished by 

 its larger, glossier and blunter leaves, and 

 larger cones with wide-spreading scales. 



Culture dc. as above. 



T. mertensiana (Abies and Pinus 

 mertensiama ; Abies albertiama). — Prince 

 Albert's Spruce.— This graceful Conifer 

 forms a large tree 100-200 ft. high, with 

 a trunk 4-10 ft. in diameter, in the low 

 moist bottoms and rocky ridges of Alaska, 

 British Columbia and Oregon. It is 

 recognised by its deep red-coloured bark 



