ONOCLBA 



HABDY FEBNS 



WOODSIA 1017 



more shade and moisture in summer, and 

 less wet in winter. In cold wet seasons it 

 should be protected in the rookery with a 

 sheet of glass. See also p. 1009. 



CYSTOPTERIS (Bladder Pern). 

 A small genus of delicate flaccid Ferns 

 with short or creeping rootstock and tufted 

 or scattered fronds 1-4 times pinnately 

 divided, and having pinnate or forked 

 veins. Sori small roundish, covered with 

 a membranous convex indusium attached 

 to the veinlet below the sorus. 



Culture and Propagation. — The 

 Bladder Fern is found in mountainous 

 districts, in moist rocky places, also more 

 rarely on old walls and ruins, and grows 

 freely in the rook garden in moist shady 

 spots, throwing up its graceful fronds in 

 spring and early summer, and retaining 

 them in freshness until cut down by frost. 

 Increased by spores. See also p. 1009. 



C. alpina (C. regia). — A handsome 

 little Fern closely related to C. fragiUs, 

 with bright green fronds 4-10 in. long, 

 3-4 times pinnately divided. 



Culture do. as above. It may be 

 grown like C. fragiUs, but requires pro- 

 tection from cold drenching rains in win- 

 ter. See also p. 1009. 



C. fragilis. — A charming and 

 native Fern having ovate-lance-shaped 

 fronds 4-8 in. long, pinnately divided into 

 deltoid pinnae, which are again divided or 

 cut into ovate acute pinnules, more or 

 less deeply toothed on the margins. The 

 variety dentata is generally smaller and 

 nearly always blunter in all its parts ; 

 dAchiea/na is an elegant form, more com- 

 pact in habit than the type, the pinnae 

 bending downwards and more or less 

 overlapping. 



Cultu/re Sc. as above. 



C. montana (Mountain Bladder Fern). 

 A rare and elegant native species found 

 growing ,on the wet shady rocks in the 

 mountainous parts of Scotland. The 

 delicate triangular fronds are 4-6 in. long, 

 3-4 times pinnately divided. 



Culture &e. as above. It requires 

 similar treatment in the rockery to C. 

 fragilis. See also p. 1009. 



ONOCLEA. — A small genus of hardy 

 Ferns having roundish sori on special 

 (fertile) fronds in which the pinnae have 

 been contracted with or without an indu- 

 sium. 



Culture amd Propagation, — These 



Ferns flourish in moist and cool situations 

 in the rock garden and enjoy a rich strong 

 well-drained sandy loam. Owing to the 

 spore-bearing fronds resembling an un- 

 opened spike of flowers this group of Ferns, 

 and also the Osmundas, are popularly 

 called ' flowering ' Ferns, but as already 

 explained at p. 1008 they have nothing of 

 the nature of ordinary flowers. 



O. germanica [Struthiopteris german- 

 ica). —Ostrich Fern. — A handsome species 

 native of the northern hemisphere, but 

 not of the British Islands. It has broadly 

 lanoe-shaped fronds, tapering towards the 

 base, the fertile pinnae being roundish 

 linear, lobed and torn at the edges. 



Culture dc. as above. See also p. 1009. 



O. sensibilis. — A pretty Fern from 

 North America and W. Asia, with a 

 widely creeping rootstock. The fertile 

 fronds are twice pinnate with roundish 

 somewhat recurved pinnules, while the 

 barren fronds are broadly triangiilar in 

 outline and deeply and pinnately out into 

 lance-shaped oblong pinnae, entire or wavy 

 toothed on the margins. This species has 

 been found wild near Warrington, but is 

 considered not to be a true native of 

 England. 



Culture Ac. as above. See also p. 1009. 



WOODSIA.— A genus of dwarf 

 tufted Ferns with pinnate fronds, the 

 stalks of which are usually jointed above 

 the base. Sori roundish ; indusium 

 attached under the sorus, at first cup- 

 shaped and entire, afterwards splitting 

 into thread-like segments. 



Culture and Propagation. — Woodsias 

 flourish in rich sandy loam and peat, 

 with which may be mixed some groimd 

 sandstone or brick rubble to keep the soil 

 thoroughly open and well drained. Very 

 moist and well -shaded parts of the 

 rockery suit them best, and the plants 

 may be inserted between the chinks of 

 large stones or boulders to give the best 

 effect in accordance with their natural 

 growth. They may be increased by 

 spores and division of the rootstock in 

 early spring just as the new fronds are 

 about to grow. 



W. hyperborea (IF. alpina). — An 

 interesting hardy Fern found on wet 

 alpine rocks in N. Wales, Scotland, and 

 throughout the N. temperate hemisphere. 

 The densely tufted lance-shaped fronds 

 3-6 in. long, with shining stalks clothed 



