24 THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



and the Reclamation Service has been merely that of coopera- 

 tion in respect to certain matters of stream measurement. 



Work in Mining Technology. From the first the Survey 

 had established a close relation to the mining and mineral in- 

 dustries of the country through the preparation of its annual 

 report on "Mineral Resources of the United States." This re- 

 lation was steadily strengthened by investigations made by 

 the Survey in important mining areas, by investigations and 

 publications relative to technologic processes, and by the pub- 

 lication, beginning in 1894, of parts of a geologic map of the 

 country, of which the early issues covered, almost without ex- 

 ception, areas of interest to the mining industry. In 1898 the 

 growth of this relation of the Survey to the mining industry 

 was reflected in the introduction into Congress of a resolu- 

 tion 13 calling for the creation, by statute, in the Survey, of a 

 separate division of mines and mining, with a specific appro- 

 priation, on the ground that the mining interests of the coun- 

 try should have "a clearly defined representation in the or- 

 ganization of the Government." Its passage was recom- 

 mended by the Survey, but without success. 



Some six years later Congress authorized the Survey to 

 undertake a kind of work which had been mentioned by the 

 Director, in his report recommending the establishment of a 

 division of mines and mining, 14 as one which might well be 

 taken up by such a division — a systematic inquiry into the 

 values of the several deposits of economic minerals in the 

 country. By act of February 18, 1904, there was appropri- 

 ated the sum of $30,000 "for analyzing and testing the coals 

 and lignites of "the United States." In 1905 this appropria- 

 tion was enlarged to $227,000 and was extended to cover all 

 fuels; and simultaneously there was added an appropriation 

 for investigating structural materials. In the next few years 

 the appropriations for both these purposes were largely in- 

 creased. 



In connection with both investigations, as they proceeded, 



?* ^ enate , Res - No - 20 5> 55th Congress, 3d Session. 

 11 Annual Report for 1898-1899, p. 21. 



