25 



24. Male with an orange ring around neck; speculum brownish 

 gray; female chiefly brown Ring-necked Duck. 



24. Male with white speculum; female with white face (25) 



25. Length 18 to 20 inches ; wing over S{ inches long Scaup Duck. 



25. Length 1 5 to 16 $ inches wing under 8i inches long. . Lesser Scaup Duck. 



26. Bill about half as wide as the length of the culmen . . Red-head. 



26. .Bill about half as wide as long Canvas-back. 



27. Bill decidedly broadened toward tip, being nearly twice as wide here 



as at base :.'... Shoveller. 



27. Bill but little if any widened toward tip (28) 



28. Head conspicuously crested; crown green with purple reflec- 

 tions; throat white -. Wood Duck. 



28. Head not crested (29) 



29. Central tail feathers over 7 inches long (male) or broad and sharp- 

 pointed (female) ; neck unusually long Pintail. 



29. Tail and neck not especially lengthened (30) 



30. Bill decidedly shorter than the head ; belly white (31) 



30. Bill about as long as head, or longer (32) 



31. Head and throat mainly buffy, finely barred with black Baldpate. 



31. Head and throat with much.brown or reddish brown European Widgeon. 



32. Wing less than 8J inches long , (33) 



32. Wing over 9$ inches long (35) 



33. Wing-coverts leaden gray without blue Green-winged Teal. 



33. Wing-coverts sky blue (34) 



34. Culmen usually more than If inches; head, neck and lower 

 parts uniform rich cinnamon brown (male) ; female slightly 

 ruddier than same sex of Blue-winged Cinnamon Teal. 



34. Culmen generally less than If inches; head and neck dull 

 plumbeous, with a large crescent-shaped white patch in front of 

 eye; lower part pale chestnut, spotted with black (male) ; 



head and neck streaked with dusky Blue-winged Teal. 



35. Speculum white or grayish white Gadwall. 



35. Speculum a rich purple with a black border (36) 



36. Speculum bordered at both ends with narrow black and white 

 bands Mallard. 



36. Speculum with only a black border, seldom with any white. .(37) 

 37. Crown without paler margins; thr,oat usually without markings; legs 



olivaceous brown; bill greenish black, dusky olive, or olive-green. 



Black Duck. 



37. Crown edged with buff or gray; throat spotted; legs red; bill yellow 



Red-legged Black Duck. 



37. Similar to the last but lighter colored and with small black spot at 

 lower edge of upper mandible at base Mottled Duck. 



129. Merganser americanus (Cassin) — American Merganser. 



A regular, and in some localities, common, migrant ; early in spring 

 and late in fall. Breeds from Minnesota northward. 



