76 



tarsus; nostrils more or less concealed by one or two tufts of for- 

 wardly directed plumules; winter birds (3) 



I. Bill also shallower, but nostrils exposed, or at least without distinct 



tufts of plumules; mostly summer birds (23) 



2. Bill shorter and stouter, the culmen generally under £ inch; 

 male with yellow stripe on forehead broader, generally over 



J inch ; female grayer below Evening Grosbeak. 



2. Bill longer and narrower; culmen generally over % inch; 

 male with the forehead stripe generally under £ inch, fe- , 



male more buffy below Western Evening Grosbeak. 



3 Tips of bill distinctly crossed (4) — not crossed (6) 



4. Wings black with two distinct white bars. .White-winged Crossbill. 



4. Wings dusky, not barred (5) 



5. Smaller, wing of male about Z\ inches and culmen under f inch, colors 



duller. Red Crossbill. 



5. Larger, wing of male about 3f inches and culmen over f inch; colors 



brighter Mexican Crossbill. 



6. Bill very short and thick, the culmen much .curved; size very 



large, the tail over 3 \ inches long (7) 



6. Bill conical, the culmen but slightly curved; size smaller, the 



tail less than 3 J inches long (8) 



7. Bill shorter and thicker; the culmen in male about f inch, and 

 dusky centers to back feathers more pronounced, the breast and 



sides more uniformly and extensively red Pine Grosbeak. 



7. Bill longer and narrower; culmen in male somewhat over | inch, 

 the dusky centers to back feathers nearly obsolete, the under 

 parts less extensively red, more or less broken even on the breast 



Mountain Pine Grosbeak. 



8. Crown from eye backward pure ash gray; general color chest- 

 nut and rosy (9) 



8. Crown not ash gray (10) 



9. Gray of crown not spreading on sides of head below eyes 



Gray-crowned Leucosticte. 



9. Gray of crown spreading over more or less of sides of head below eyes 



Hepburn Leucosticte. 



10. Top of head some shade of red, either wholly or in part (11) — 



without any red (1.6) 



II. Chin blackish (12)— not blackish (14) 



12. Under tail-coverts and rump unstreaked; back feathers bor- 

 dered with hoary Hoary Redpoll. 



12. Under tail-coverts and rump streaked; back feathers bor- 

 dered with brownish (13) 



13. Larger (wing about 3i long) with heavier bill (depth at base over \ 



inch) ; back darker and sides more heavily streaked . Greater Redpoll. 

 13. Smaller (wing 2J to 3 long) with slenderer bill (under \ inch); back 



paler, sides less streaked Redpoll. 



14. Whole crown red; wing feathers edged with reddish (15) 



