CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN BIRDS. lOI 



Abundant in Hudson Strait — breeds in Ungava Bay ; plentiful 

 on the eastern coast of Labrador. {Turner.) This bird was most 

 numerous during the month of June at Cape Prince of Wales, 

 Hudson Strait. Apparently it does not breed, as it disappeared 

 after that date. {Payne) Occasional in Quebec and Ontario. 



Richardson and Ross both speak of this being a rare bird 

 toward the north and along the Arctic coast. Richardson says 

 it frequents eddies under cascades and in rapid streams in the 

 north. Dr. Coues found it breeding in turbulent streams 

 entering Chief Mountain Lake (Waterton Lake), near the 49th 

 parallel ; and the writer, in July, 1885, found a mother and a 

 young brood in a very rapid stream entering Kicking Horse Lake 

 at Hector, Rocky Mountains, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, 

 at an altitude of 5,000 feet. Spreadborough found this species 

 breeding at Canmore, near Banff, Rocky Mountains, in June, 

 I'Sgi. A pair was shot, and others seen. During the summer of 

 1898, this species was seen in many of the mountain tributaries of 

 the Athabasca by the same observer. Both Nelson and Turner 

 mention this bird as very common in the bays and along the 

 coasts of Alaska, but it does not breed on the coast. Nelson 

 says it breeds on the clear streams of the interior, which agrees 

 with our knowledge further to the south. Fannin says : " An 

 abundant resident ; breeds along the creeks close to the salt 

 water at Burrard Inlet and Howe Sound, and also in the interior 

 of British Columbia." Brooks says a few breed in the valley of 

 the Lower Fraser. 



Breeding Notes. — This species breeds at the mouth of the 

 Mackenzie River, for one of my collectors sent me eight eggs 

 with the skin of the parent bird. The nest was found on June 

 19th, 1894. It was built on a high bank, near some ice-floes, 

 under sticks piled up by overflow water in the spring. One of 

 the eggs in the nest is a runt, one-third the usual size. The 

 eggs of this bird have seldom been obtained in North America. 

 It breeds in Iceland, and lays from six to eight eggs, seldom 

 more. They are similar to those of the Gadwell and Baldpate, 

 but average larger, and are of a deeper buff tint. {Raine.) 



The nest and eggs of this species were not procured by me, 

 and the only nest I ever saw was near Iliuliuk village, on Unalaska 



