THE FALLACIES OF NATURAL SELECTION. 169 



of ruin, of those which still suffer under great losses 

 of organic capital, incurred under nature; or, of those 

 which, having lost but little under nature, have been 

 greatly degenerated by Man's Selection operating 

 solely for his benefit, instead of for the organisms' 

 good. This we shall do, not by mere speculation; 

 nor by the mere balancing of degrees of probability, 

 but by the crucial tests, Crossing and Close-Inter- 

 breeding, which are scales, or Biometers, adjustable, 

 respectively, degree for degree, to the several degrees 

 of ruin, and to the several degrees of accruing (gross) 

 profit, of all the individuals of every species. 



15* 



