CROSSING AND CLOSE-INTEEBREEDING. 199 



both in crossing and in close-interbreeding ; and, these 

 almost infinite variations in quantity of effect, he is 

 alike at a loss to explain. 



Now, the reader will see that, if it can be shown 

 that, in Close-Interbreeding, such graduated scale of 

 effects, ranges from the maximum, in those individuals 

 most degenerated or most disproportionately devel- 

 oped, down to zero, in those individuals with all the 

 characters of their respective species fully and pro- 

 portionately developed, the theory, that there can be 

 but one, perfect form, for each species, and that any 

 modification of such form is deleterious, will be con- 

 clusively proven. 



If, conversely, it can be shown, that the graduated 

 scale, of good effects, in Crossing, ranges from the 

 maximum, in those individuals which have mutually 

 much to contribute to the offspring, which their mates 

 respectively lack, down to zero in those individuals 

 which cannot mutually contribute to the offspring, a 

 character or characters which their mates respectively 

 lack, such theory, of a perfect, normally immutable 

 type, for each species, will be proven to demonstration. 



The phenomena of Crossing, and of Close-Inter- 

 breeding, not only prove the theory of Reversion, but 

 they directly disprove Darwinism. They not only tell 

 a tale, the converse of that which Darwin would have 

 his disciples to believe; but they are grossly and ir- 

 reconcilably at variance with his theory. They show, 

 demonstratively, that varieties are not "incipient spe- 

 cies," and that varieties may not, by any possibility, 

 diverge into distinct species. They show, demon- 



