ET AL. 323 



breeding. The half-wild Chillingham, Pembroke, and 

 other cattle, justify the theory of a 1 one only, perfect 

 type, by the results they afford, of in-and-in breeding. 

 Domestic Cattle, which are, — as compared with the 

 half-wild breeds, — degenerate, so far as symmetry of 

 build is concerned, would, if placed under the same 

 conditions as to their interbreeding, as are the Chilling- 

 ham, and Pembroke breeds, have never been able to 

 be preserved so long from extinction. 



Referring to these half-wild Cattle, Darwin says (p. 

 148, Vol. ii, Animals and Plants, &c) : 



"The half- wild Cattle, which have been kept in the 

 British parks, probably, for 400 or 500 years, or even 

 for a longer period, have been advanced by Cully and 

 others, as a case of long continued interbreeding within 

 the limits of the same herd, without any consequent 

 injury." 



This instance of Cattle, sired by one bull, at each 

 successive period, during 500 years and over, is a fair 

 test of the truth of the theory of proportionate devel- 

 opment. It is the more remarkable, because Darwin 

 says, each herd has of late been kept down by slaugh- 

 ter and by fighting to the average number of fifty. 

 But their appearance, form and size, render their ex- 

 emption from loss of fertility, and of constitutional 

 vigor, in no wise surprising. They but fulfill the 

 requirements of the theory, propounded in this 

 work. All of their characters are developed, and pro- 

 portionately developed, in marked contrast with those 

 of domestic breeds. Their horns (which in domestic 

 animals are kept down, by man), are of enormous 



